Latest Internal Medicine research

The 10 most useful internal medicine studies published this week, chosen from Q1 journals and graded on the Oxford CEBM evidence hierarchy. Each paper links to a short summary and the original on PubMed. Updated 22 September 2026.

Top 10 this week

Week of 20 September 2026

1
Effects of continuing or withholding angiotensin axis blockers prior to elective surgery: The PAAB randomized clinical trial
Journal of hospital medicine · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 19 September 2026
Randomized trial, perioperative AAB management
2
Metabolic syndrome severity and the effects of intensive blood pressure lowering: Results from the STEP randomized trial
Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 16 September 2026
Intensive SBP lowering reduces cardiovascular events across MetS tertiles
3
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Based Prandial Insulin De-Intensification in Outpatients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Basal-Bolus Insulin Therapy or Multiple Daily Injections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 14 September 2026
GLP‑1RA de‑intensification maintains HbA1c while reducing weight
4
Metabolic and Psychological Effects of Mylife CamAPS FX Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes, Markedly Elevated HbA1c, and Psychological Vulnerability: The Hi-Loop Randomised Clinical Trial
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 17 September 2026
High-quality evidence in a top journal
5
Differential physical activity responses to diabetes risk reduction interventions according to prediabetes phenotype in at-risk individuals: pooled analysis from three randomised controlled trials
Diabetologia · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 14 September 2026
Physical‑activity response varies by prediabetes phenotype
6
Calorie-Restricted DASH, Carbohydrate-Restricted, and Low-Purine Diets for Weight Loss and Urate Control in Men With Overweight or Obesity and Hyperuricemia: A Randomized Trial
Diabetes care · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 15 September 2026
Dietary trial for hyperuricemia
7
Produce Prescription Dose Response: A Randomized Community Trial
Journal of general internal medicine · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 15 September 2026
Produce prescription dose‑response trial, nutrition intervention
8
From Alert to Action: Electronic Practice Advisory Improves DSMES Referrals Over 18 Months
Diabetes care · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 16 September 2026
In a cluster-randomized trial, an electronic best-practice advisory prompted primary-care staff to refer patients with type 2 diabetes to self-management education, boosting referral rates from about 1% to 13% over 18 months. Adding standing orders for nurses sustained the effect, suggesting simple EHR prompts can markedly improve DSMES uptake.
9
2026 EASD evidence-based clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes
Diabetologia · Q1 journal · Guideline · Evidence level 1 (High) · 15 September 2026
High-quality evidence in a top journal
10
Men's experiences of multiple long-term conditions and/or disability in the UK Game of Stones weight management trial: a mixed-methods evaluation
BMJ open · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 15 September 2026
Mixed‑methods process evaluation in weight trial

Paper of the day, last two weeks

Association of post-discharge meal delivery with hospital readmissions among food-insecure older adults
Journal of hospital medicine · Q1 journal · Prospective cohort · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 19 September 2026
Post‑discharge meals reduce readmissions in food‑insecure elders
Modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for prehospital critical care: defining thresholds and clinical implications
European journal of internal medicine · Q1 journal · Prospective cohort · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 19 September 2026
In a prospective cohort of 14,726 prehospital patients, a mSOFA of 8-10 points was linked to a 45% two-day mortality, rising to 76% when the score reached 11 or higher. Low scores (0-2) identified patients with virtually no short-term death risk, suggesting the score could guide triage, though prospective testing is still needed.
An immune-inflammatory dysregulation score for risk stratification of 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia
Frontiers in medicine · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 3 (Low) · 1 September 2026
Immune‑inflammatory dysregulation score predicts 28‑day mortality in severe CAP
Temporal trends and mortality associated with difficult-to-treat resistance in bloodstream gram-negative bacilli: a retrospective cohort study in Southern Saudi Arabia
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 3 (Low) · 31 August 2026
DTR resistance in GNB bloodstream infections predicts mortality
Association between early prehospital administration antibiotic and 28-day mortality in sepsis
Prehospital emergency care · Q1 journal · Cohort · Evidence level 3 (Low) · 15 September 2026
Prehospital antibiotics reduce 28‑day sepsis mortality
Evaluating the Implementation of Social Determinants of Health Screening Across 18 Hospitals
Journal of general internal medicine · Q1 journal · Cohort · Evidence level 3 (Low) · 8 September 2026
Implementation of NT‑proBNP testing for early HF detection
Therapeutic drug monitoring of high-dosage intravenous flucloxacillin and mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a retrospective cohort study using inverse probability weighting
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 3 (Low) · 10 September 2026
In a retrospective cohort of 285 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, TDM-guided flucloxacillin dosing reduced the daily dose by about 2.3 g and was associated with a drop in 90-day mortality from 39% to 27%, though the difference did not reach statistical significance. No clear benefit on kidney injury, liver injury, or hypokalemia was observed, leaving the clinical advantage of TDM uncertain.
Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with aspiration pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV database
Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease · Q1 journal · Prospective cohort · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 10 September 2026
SII predicts mortality in aspiration pneumonia ICU patients
Effects of sodium reduction interventions on home and morning home blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 9 September 2026
A meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials (4 110 participants) found that sodium-reduction strategies reduced average home systolic BP by 3.7 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1.4 mmHg, with morning readings dropping roughly 4 mmHg. The effect was larger in people with hypertension, supporting dietary salt restriction as a practical tool for home BP control.
Impact of comorbid depression on clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · Q1 journal · SR of cohorts · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 21 August 2026
Depression associated with higher major amputation and MACE risk
Hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with acute heart failure
Internal and emergency medicine · Q1 journal · Unclassified · Evidence level 5 (Expert Opinion) · 7 September 2026
Hypoxemia common in acute heart failure, prognosis linked
Appropriate Therapy and Survival in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bacteremia: A Multicenter Cohort Study on Epidemiology and Risk Factors
International journal of antimicrobial agents · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 4 (Very Low) · 5 September 2026
In a Korean multicenter cohort of 358 patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bacteremia, overall 30-day mortality was 34%. While overall combination therapy did not improve survival, definitive colistin-based regimens halved deaths in patients with high comorbidity scores, though the benefit was not seen for KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The findings highlight a targeted role for colistin combos where newer agents are unavailable.

Evidence summaries in Internal Medicine

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For healthcare professionals. Summaries are generated by AI from the published abstract and are not medical advice. Read the original paper before changing practice.