Latest Immunology and Allergy research

Top 10 this week

Week of 1 November 2026

1. 1

   Classroom Microbiome Signatures of Pest Management Associate with Reduced Asthma Symptoms

   The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 19 August 2026

   School intervention links allergen-related environmental changes with asthma morbidity

2. 2

   Effect of Abrocitinib on the Skin Microbiome in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

   Allergy · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 2 August 2026

   In a 12-week trial of 43 patients with moderate-to-severe eczema, the higher dose of abrocitinib reduced the relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and increased overall microbial diversity, with changes evident by week 2 and continuing to week 12. These microbiome shifts paralleled clinical improvement and favorable immune-marker changes, suggesting the drug's benefit may involve restoring a healthier skin ecosystem.

3. 3

   Immunogenicity and safety of an interchangeable vaccination schedule of two inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines: a multicentric, phase IV, open-label, randomized controlled trial

   EClinicalMedicine · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 22 September 2026

   In a randomized trial of 911 infants, mixed-brand vaccine schedules produced seroconversion in about 90%, similar to schedules using the same vaccine twice. Reported adverse events were also similar across groups, and no serious event was judged vaccine related. The results support flexibility when children switch products, but address short-term antibody response, not long-term protection against disease.

4. 4

   Pharmacological Interventions for Neurological Manifestations of Ataxia-Telangiectasia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

   Cerebellum (London, England) · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 31 October 2026

   Across six randomized trials of drugs for ataxia-telangiectasia, two levacetylleucine trials showed no significant pooled improvement on an ataxia rating scale, with results varying substantially. A separate pooled analysis found better scores with erythrocyte-encapsulated dexamethasone, but neither trial met its primary neurological endpoint. The findings leave treatment effects uncertain and highlight the need for better outcome measures.

5. 5

   Diagnostic performance and clinical utility of open oral food challenges using double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges as the reference standard: A systematic review

   Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 27 October 2026

   In this review of eight studies, open food challenges had a negative predictive value of 88% to 97% against blinded challenges, suggesting a negative result may help rule out food allergy. But study quality was often poor, results varied, and positive predictive value ranged from 0% to 89%; open challenges cannot yet replace blinded testing.

6. 6

   Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy Study of Porcine and Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin in the Treatment of Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial

   MedComm · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 17 October 2026

   In a randomized study of 93 patients with severe aplastic anemia, complete response rates at six months were about 19% with either porcine or rabbit antithymocyte globulin; overall response rates were 70% and 57%, respectively. Two-year response and survival were similar, though the treatments affected immune cells differently. Their similar outcomes support either option, but the study was small.

7. 7

   Effectiveness and safety of bee venom pharmacopuncture for rheumatoid arthritis-related pain and disease activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   Frontiers in medicine · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 14 October 2026

   A review of 17 randomized trials involving 1,304 people found less pain with bee venom injections at acupuncture points, alone or added to Western medicine; add-on treatment also modestly improved the chance of a 30% response. Evidence was low certainty, disease activity remained unclear, and no serious venom-related events were reported, so larger, standardized trials are needed.

8. 8

   As-Needed Versus Regular Intranasal Corticosteroid Therapy in Pediatric Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Double-Dummy Trial

   Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 19 August 2026

   Randomized trial informs treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis

9. 9

   Can physical exercise improve allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

   BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 30 July 2026

   Randomized-trial review evaluates allergic rhinitis symptom outcomes

10. 10

    Intervention with Polyvalent Bacterial Lysate Modulates T Helper Cell Subsets in Polish Children with Grass Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis

    Biomedicines · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 19 July 2026

    Clinical allergic rhinitis trial examines immunomodulatory treatment effects

Paper of the day, last two weeks

• The impact of probiotics or synbiotics on individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): a systematic review and meta-analysis

  BMC endocrine disorders · Q1 journal · SR/MA of RCTs · Evidence level 1 (High) · 7 August 2026

  A meta-analysis of 10 randomized trials found probiotics or synbiotics were linked to lower HbA1c and fasting blood sugar, but did not significantly change insulin requirements or C-peptide. The HbA1c reduction could matter if sustained; larger, higher-quality trials are needed to confirm the benefit and clarify which products work.

• Timing of vaccine-associated anaphylaxis and implications for post-vaccination observation period: A systematic review and Canadian surveillance data analysis

  Vaccine · Q1 journal · SR of cohorts · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 4 November 2026

  Evidence informs recognition and observation after vaccine anaphylaxis

• Beyond eosinophil depletion: long-term clinical trajectory and durability of response to benralizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and CRSwNP: an 18-month real-world study (the BANDOR study)

  Frontiers in immunology · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 1 (High) · 19 October 2026

  In this 18-month real-world study, nasal and physical symptoms improved within the first months of benralizumab, while emotional and functional symptoms took longer to stabilize. Early responders had higher starting eosinophil counts than later responders, 885 versus 530 cells per microliter; lung function remained stable and oral steroid use fell. The retrospective study included treatment-adherent patients, so broader durability remains uncertain.

• Five-year outcomes of the STOP-AD randomised controlled trial: Long-term effects of early emollient therapy in high-risk infants

  Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 1 (High) · 1 November 2026

  In a five-year follow-up of 177 high-risk children, eczema affected 12.3% of those given twice-daily emollient for eight weeks from birth, compared with 24.0% receiving routine skin care; cases were also less severe. Missing follow-up data leave uncertainty about the size of the benefit, so larger studies must confirm whether this brief treatment prevents eczema long term.

• A Large Multicenter Cohort of Ataxia-Telangiectasia: Clinical, Immunologic, Genetic, and Survival Outcomes

  European journal of neurology · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 3 (Low) · 1 November 2026

  In this retrospective national cohort of 305 patients, estimated survival was 81.6% at 5 years and 60.2% at 10 years. Nearly 44% first presented with symptoms outside the nervous system, and immune abnormalities were common; malignancy and respiratory infections were the leading causes of death. The findings underscore the need to recognize varied presentations, but reflect one country's referral network.

• Additional B-Lymphocyte Stimulator Inhibitors Treatment Facilitated Glucocorticoid Withdrawal in Lupus Nephritis Patients: A Real-World Retrospective Observational Single-Center Cohort Study

  MedComm · Q1 journal · Prospective cohort · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 29 October 2026

  In a 20-year single-center review of 702 people with lupus nephritis, 10.7% receiving add-on belimumab or telitacicept stopped glucocorticoids, compared with 5.6% receiving standard care alone. The observational association supports further study of these drugs as part of steroid-sparing care, but prospective research is needed to confirm the benefit and assess flare risk.

• Long-term evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis (NISSC1-LTE): a cohort study

  The Lancet. Rheumatology · Q1 journal · Prospective cohort · Evidence level 4 (Very Low) · 29 October 2026

  In this real-world cohort of 80 patients with severe, progressive systemic sclerosis, 60% were alive without disease progression 10 years after autologous stem-cell transplant, and 43% remained in remission without immunosuppressive treatment. Eighteen patients died, including five from transplant-related causes, and 12 were lost to follow-up, underscoring the need to weigh durable benefit against long-term risks.

• Interleukin 4-receptor-α blockade in localised scleroderma: a phase 2 proof-of-concept study

  Annals of the rheumatic diseases · Q1 journal · Non-randomized trial · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 29 October 2026

  In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, six months of dupilumab improved localized scleroderma more than placebo and reduced local inflammation. The treatment also lowered disease-linked gene activity and partly suppressed genes involved in fibrosis, supporting a role for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling. Whether these benefits extend to other fibrosing diseases remains unknown.

• Prevalence and outcomes of acute presentations of autoimmune hepatitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · Q1 journal · SR of cohorts · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 27 October 2026

  A meta-analysis estimated that 39% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis present acutely, though estimates varied substantially across studies. At 90 days, about 79% of patients with acute severe disease were alive without a transplant, compared with 19% of those with acute liver failure. The sharp difference underscores the importance of distinguishing these presentations, but the evidence remains heterogeneous.

• Efficacy and safety of eculizumab in patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: an investigator-initiated, open-label, phase II clinical trial

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · Q1 journal · Non-randomized trial · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 27 October 2026

  Complement-targeted therapy for severe autoimmune kidney disease

• NSAID Tolerance Can Be Restored in NECD Even in the Absence of Complete Remission of Urticaria

  Clinical and translational allergy · Q1 journal · RCT · Evidence level 5 (Expert Opinion) · 1 October 2026

  NSAID hypersensitivity tolerance and aspirin challenge in urticaria

• Short-Course Ruxolitinib Initiated at Neutrophil Engraftment for Prevention of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Phase II Trial

  Transplantation and cellular therapy · Q1 journal · Phase 2 RCT · Evidence level 2 (Moderate) · 24 October 2026

  In this randomized phase II trial, grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease by day 100 occurred in 14% of patients given 14 days of ruxolitinib at neutrophil engraftment, versus 34% with standard prevention alone - about one fewer case for every five treated. Severe side effects were similar, but survival was unchanged and larger trials are needed to confirm benefit and clarify long-term effects.

• Real-World Effectiveness of Tezepelumab in Severe Asthma: A 12-Month Canadian Cohort Study

  Journal of asthma and allergy · Q1 journal · Retrospective cohort · Evidence level 4 (Very Low) · 16 October 2026

  In a two-centre Canadian cohort of 75 adults with severe asthma, exacerbations requiring oral steroids fell from 2.23 to 0.19 per patient-year after starting tezepelumab; emergency visits or hospitalizations also dropped by 87%. Lung function and breathlessness improved, but the retrospective before-and-after study cannot establish that tezepelumab alone caused the changes.

Evidence summaries in Immunology and Allergy

• Allergic Rhinitis
• Common Variable Immunodeficiency