Antiphospholipid antibody trajectories and clinical correlates in an inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus
- Journal
- Rheumatology (Oxford, England) (Q1)
- Published
- 7 August 2026
- Study design
- Prospective / inception cohort
- Evidence level
- Level 2, Moderate (CEBM 2b)
- Authors
- Ritesh Kumar Mishra, Chengappa Kavadichanda, Priyanka Baskaran, Subin Philip, Rizwana Naushad, Sriyanka Mohapatra, et al.
- PMID
- 42568146
- DOI
- 10.1093/rheumatology/keag407
Why clinicians should know about it
- Picked for Rheumatology (paper of the day, 9 August 2026).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate longitudinal antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) patterns in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their association with vascular events, disease activity and organ damage. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study within the INSPIRE registry including patients with newly diagnosed SLE (median disease duration 232 days [114-484]) with serum at baseline, 6 and 24 months. Anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) IgG/IgM were measured by ELISA; lupus anticoagulant when feasible. aPL positivity was analysed using manufacturer cut-offs and moderate-high titres (>40 U). Patients were classified as persistently negative, positive, fluctuating or negativised. High- and low-risk aPL profiles were defined per EULAR recommendations. Associations with thrombosis, SLEDAI-2K, Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI) were assessed. RESULTS: Among 270 patients, 77.1% were aPL-positive at least once, predominantly low-titre. Moderate-high titre aPLs were less frequent and stable. Most patients with baseline negativity or low-titre/single positivity reverted to negative, whereas dual or triple positivity was associated with persistence. A subgroup (3.1%) progressed from negative/low-titre to high-risk profiles. aPL negativisation occurred in 12.5% and was inversely associated with baseline aPL burden. Over two years, 19 (7%) developed thrombosis, with higher risk in high-risk and persistently positive groups; no thrombotic events occurred in persistently aPL-negative patients.aPL titres did not correlate with SLEDAI-2K or PGA, while aCL IgG and anti-β2GPI IgG correlated weakly with anti-dsDNA. SDI remained low across groups. CONCLUSION: In early SLE, aPLs are largely low-titre and fluctuating, with some patients evolving to higher-risk states, supporting serial aPL testing.
Abstract as published, via PubMed.
For healthcare professionals. The summary is generated by AI from the published abstract, and the evidence level is assigned automatically from the study design on the Oxford CEBM hierarchy. Neither is medical advice. Read the full paper before changing practice.