Skip to main content
WoMWeb of Medicine
SearchGraphHistory
Oncology›Condition·Updated Jul 11, 2026·v1

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Management is guided by stage, histology, and molecular profile. For early-stage disease, surgery or SBRT is curative; for stage III unresectable, chemoradiotherapy plus durvalumab is standard; for stage IV, targeted therapy for actionable mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, etc.) or immunotherapy with/without chemotherapy is used. Comprehensive genomic profiling and PD-L1 testing are mandatory. Five-year survival has improved from 26% to 35% due to these advances.

High Evidence993 references·8,284 words·34 min read·v1
NSCLClung canceradenocarcinomasquamous cell carcinomanon-small cell lung canceroncologytargeted therapyimmunotherapyEGFR mutationALK rearrangementPD-L1TNM staging

Quick Reference

RxDrug of choiceOsimertinib 80 mg daily for EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC; pembrolizumab 200 mg q3w for PD-L1 ≥50% non-oncogene-addicted NSCLC.
AltAlternativesAlectinib 600 mg BID or lorlatinib 100 mg daily for ALK-positive; crizotinib 250 mg BID for ROS1-positive; dabrafenib 150 mg BID + trametinib 2 mg daily for BRAF V600E; capmatinib 400 mg BID for METex14; selpercatinib 160 mg BID for RET fusion; durvalumab 10 mg/kg q2w after chemoradiation for stage III.
⊘AvoidBevacizumab in squamous histology (risk of pulmonary hemorrhage); non-dihydropyridine CCBs with TKIs metabolized by CYP3A4; immunotherapy in active autoimmune disease or organ transplant on immunosuppression.
DxTest of choiceComprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) on tissue for all actionable mutations plus PD-L1 IHC (22C3). Plasma ctDNA if tissue insufficient.
ScKey scoreLung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI): dNLR >3 and LDH >ULN stratify immunotherapy outcomes (good, intermediate, poor).
→When to referThoracic surgery for resectable stage I-IIIA; radiation oncology for SBRT or chemoradiotherapy; medical oncology for systemic therapy; palliative care for symptom management at any stage.
NSCLC management is molecularly driven: test for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK, HER2, KRAS, and PD-L1 at diagnosis. Use targeted therapy for oncogene-addicted disease, chemoimmunotherapy for PD-L1-low non-oncogene-addicted, and durvalumab consolidation after chemoradiation for stage III. Early-stage disease is curable with surgery or SBRT.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for ~85% of cases, and remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Management is driven by stage, histology, and molecular profile. For early-stage disease, surgery or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy offers cure; for locally advanced unresectable disease, concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by durvalumab is standard; for metastatic disease, targeted therapy for actionable mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, etc.) or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy significantly improves outcomes. Five-year survival has improved from 26% to 35% in the last decade, with selected subsets achieving >50% long-term survival.

Overview and Recommendations

Background

  • •NSCLC accounts for ~85% of lung cancers and is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths annually. The three major histologic subtypes, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, have distinct molecular profiles and therapeutic implications. Adenocarcinoma, the most common, frequently harbors actionable driver mutations (EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK, HER2), while squamous cell carcinoma is strongly linked to tobacco and enriched for TP53 and PIK3CA alterations.
  • •The paradigm of NSCLC management has shifted dramatically from chemotherapy alone to molecularly targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Landmark trials such as IPASS (gefitinib in EGFR-mutant), FLAURA (osimertinib), ALEX (alectinib in ALK-positive), KEYNOTE-189 (pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy), and PACIFIC (durvalumab after chemoradiation) have redefined standards and improved median survival from <10 months to over 5 years in select subsets, with combined relative mortality reductions approaching 50-60% in some populations.
  • •Staging using the AJCC 8th edition TNM classification remains the cornerstone of prognosis and treatment decisions. Early-stage (I-II) disease is potentially curable with surgery or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), while stage III unresectable disease requires multimodality therapy, and stage IV is managed with systemic therapy. Five-year survival ranges from >90% for stage IA to <10% for stage IV, but recent advances have improved outcomes even in advanced disease.
  • •Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is mandatory for all patients with advanced NSCLC to identify targetable alterations. PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) guides immunotherapy selection. The presence of co-mutations (e.g., STK11, KEAP1) has prognostic and predictive significance, defining a subgroup with primary resistance to both KRAS inhibitors and immunotherapy. The recognition of molecular subtypes has transformed treatment paradigms and underscores the necessity of reflex testing at diagnosis.

Evaluation

  • •Suspect NSCLC in any patient with a persistent cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, or unexplained weight loss, especially those with a smoking history ≥20 pack-years or age ≥50 years. Up to 59% of stage I patients are asymptomatic, highlighting the importance of low-dose CT screening in high-risk populations.
  • •Ask about smoking history (pack-years), occupational exposures (asbestos, radon, heavy metals), family history of lung cancer, and performance status (ECOG). Use the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), combining derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR >3) and lactate dehydrogenase > upper limit of normal, to stratify immunotherapy outcomes into good, intermediate, and poor risk groups.
  • •Examine for lymphadenopathy (supraclavicular, axillary), pleural effusion (dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds), superior vena cava syndrome (facial swelling, distended neck veins), and neurologic deficits suggesting brain metastases. Cachexia (≥5% weight loss in 6 months) is common and independently worsens survival.
  • •Order contrast-enhanced CT of chest and upper abdomen to assess the primary tumor, mediastinal lymph nodes, and extrathoracic metastases. PET/CT with 18F-FDG adds metabolic information and reduces futile thoracotomies by 20% (absolute reduction, P=0.05). Brain MRI with contrast is indicated for stage II-IV disease; for stage IA, guidelines recommend against routine brain imaging.
  • •Obtain tissue for histologic diagnosis and molecular testing. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with fine-needle aspiration, combined with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), is the preferred method for mediastinal staging, with summary receiver operating characteristic of 0.99. For peripheral nodules, CT-guided core biopsy or navigational bronchoscopy is appropriate. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) improves adequacy rates.
  • •Perform reflex PD-L1 IHC (using FDA-cleared assays 22C3, 28-8, or SP263) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) on tissue for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK, HER2, KRAS, and TMB. If tissue is insufficient, plasma ctDNA testing is a validated alternative, with 98% specificity and 53% sensitivity for EGFR mutations in stage III disease. Turnaround time should be ≤2 weeks to avoid starting ineffective therapy.
  • •Confirm histologic subtype: TTF-1 and napsin A for adenocarcinoma; p40 and CK5/6 for squamous cell carcinoma. For mucinous adenocarcinoma, note lower PD-L1 expression and TMB, and poorer response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ORR 8.4% vs 25.9% in nonmucinous). For ambiguous morphology, include neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, INSM1) to exclude high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.
  • •Assess for actionable mutations: EGFR mutations (exon 19 del, L858R, exon 20 insertions) are most common in Asian never-smokers; ALK rearrangements (EML4-ALK) in young, light smokers; ROS1 fusions; BRAF V600E; MET exon 14 skipping; RET fusions; NTRK fusions; HER2 mutations; KRAS G12C. Co-mutations in STK11 and KEAP1 define a subgroup with poor outcomes to KRAS inhibitors and immunotherapy.
  • •Evaluate for brain metastases in all stage IV patients using MRI. Consider deferring local therapy (stereotactic radiosurgery or surgery) for asymptomatic brain metastases if CNS-active systemic therapy (osimertinib, alectinib, lorlatinib) is initiated, as these agents have high intracranial response rates.
  • •For stage III disease, confirm unresectability by multidisciplinary tumor board. Invasive mediastinal staging (EBUS, mediastinoscopy) is required if PET/CT suggests N2/N3 involvement or if tumor is central. After negative systematic endosonography, confirmatory mediastinoscopy can be omitted (MEDIASTrial: unforeseen N2 disease 8.8% vs 7.7%, noninferior).
  • •Use the 8th edition TNM staging: T descriptors based on size and invasion, N descriptors for nodal stations, M descriptors for metastases. Stage grouping determines treatment approach. Note that upstaging between clinical and pathological staging is common, particularly for N2 disease, affecting prognosis and adjuvant therapy recommendations.

Management

  • •For stage I-II NSCLC, perform anatomic lobectomy with systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection. For medically inoperable patients, use stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with 3-year local control ~88%. Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (cisplatin 75 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC 5-6, plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m² for nonsquamous or gemcitabine 1250 mg/m² for squamous) is recommended for stage II and selected IB (≥4 cm) patients, conferring a 5-year absolute survival benefit of 5.4%.
  • •For resected stage IB-IIIA EGFR-mutant NSCLC, start osimertinib 80 mg orally once daily for 3 years (ADAURA regimen). This yields 4-year disease-free survival of 70% vs 29% (HR 0.23). For stage II-IIIA, neoadjuvant nivolumab 360 mg IV plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy every 3 weeks for 3 cycles followed by surgery is preferred (CheckMate 816), with pathologic complete response rate 24% vs 2.2% and 5-year OS 65.4% vs 55.0%.
  • •For unresectable stage III NSCLC, administer concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy: cisplatin 50 mg/m² days 1,8,29,36 + etoposide 50 mg/m² days 1-5,29-33, or carboplatin AUC 2 + paclitaxel 45 mg/m² weekly, with radiation 60 Gy in 30 fractions. Follow with durvalumab 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks (or 1500 mg every 4 weeks) for up to 12 months (PACIFIC regimen). Five-year OS 42.9% vs 33.4% with placebo.
  • •For EGFR-mutant stage III unresectable NSCLC, use osimertinib 80 mg daily as consolidation after chemoradiotherapy, based on LAURA trial (median PFS 39.1 vs 5.6 months, HR 0.16). For patients ineligible for concurrent chemotherapy, durvalumab after sequential chemoradiotherapy (PACIFIC-6) showed median OS 39.0 months.
  • •For advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC (exon 19 del or L858R), first-line osimertinib 80 mg daily is standard (FLAURA: median PFS 18.9 vs 10.2 months, HR 0.46). Alternatively, combine osimertinib with platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy (FLAURA2) for high-risk patients (brain metastases, bulky disease). Another option is amivantamab 1050 mg IV weekly for 4 weeks then every 2 weeks plus lazertinib 240 mg daily (MARIPOSA).
  • •For ALK-positive advanced NSCLC, first-line lorlatinib 100 mg once daily is preferred (CROWN: 5-year PFS 60%, HR 0.19 vs crizotinib). Alectinib 600 mg twice daily is an alternative (ALEX: median PFS 34.8 months, HR 0.43). Both have excellent CNS activity. Ceritinib and brigatinib are also options.
  • •For ROS1-positive NSCLC, first-line crizotinib 250 mg twice daily (ORR 72%, median PFS 19.3 months). Taletrectinib shows high response rates (ORR 88.8% in TKI-naïve). For BRAF V600E, dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily plus trametinib 2 mg daily (ORR 64%, median PFS 10.9 months). For MET exon 14 skipping, capmatinib 400 mg twice daily or tepotinib 500 mg daily. For RET fusions, selpercatinib 160 mg twice daily or pralsetinib 400 mg daily. For NTRK fusions, larotrectinib 100 mg twice daily or entrectinib 600 mg daily. For HER2 mutations, trastuzumab deruxtecan 5.4 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks.
  • •For KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC, sotorasib 960 mg daily or adagrasib 600 mg twice daily is approved after prior therapy; first-line trials are ongoing. For non-oncogene-addicted NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, use pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks or 400 mg every 6 weeks as monotherapy (KEYNOTE-024: median OS 26.3 months, 5-year OS 31.9%).
  • •For PD-L1 TPS <50% and nonsquamous histology, use pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m² and platinum (cisplatin 75 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC 5-6) for 4 cycles, followed by pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed maintenance (KEYNOTE-189: median OS 22 months, 5-year OS 19.4%). For squamous histology, use pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks plus carboplatin AUC 6 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m² or nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m² weekly for 4 cycles, then pembrolizumab maintenance (KEYNOTE-407: median OS 15.9 months).
  • •Alternative first-line regimens include nivolumab 360 mg IV every 3 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV every 6 weeks with two cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy (CheckMate 9LA), or atezolizumab 1200 mg IV plus bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV plus carboplatin AUC 6 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m² (IMpower150) for nonsquamous histology.
  • •For patients with brain metastases, use stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for ≤5 lesions; whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is reserved for diffuse disease. Asymptomatic brain metastases may be deferred with CNS-active systemic therapy. For leptomeningeal metastases, consider intrathecal pemetrexed 10-50 mg weekly in EGFR-mutant disease.
  • •Monitor for immune-related adverse events: check thyroid function, liver enzymes, and skin monthly. For grade ≥3 irAE, hold immunotherapy and start prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/day, tapering over 4-6 weeks. Avoid bevacizumab in squamous histology due to pulmonary hemorrhage risk. Avoid immunotherapy in patients with active autoimmune disease or organ transplant on immunosuppression unless carefully managed.
  • •Refer to thoracic surgery for resectable disease, radiation oncology for SBRT or chemoradiotherapy, medical oncology for systemic therapy, and palliative care for symptom management and advance care planning. Early integration of palliative care improves quality of life and may prolong survival (11.6 vs 8.9 months, P=0.02).
  • •Discharge criteria for hospitalization: stable vital signs, controlled pain, ability to ambulate, clear plan for outpatient follow-up and treatment. Before chemotherapy, ensure adequate blood counts, renal function, and hydration. For older adults (≥75 years) with PD-L1 ≥1%, ICI monotherapy offers comparable survival to ICI-chemotherapy with fewer high-grade adverse events.

Board Review — High Yield

  • •Adenocarcinoma, most common NSCLC subtype, often peripheral, harbors targetable mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, etc.).
  • •Squamous cell carcinoma, central, strongly tobacco-linked, TP53/PIK3CA mutations, contraindicated for pemetrexed and bevacizumab.
  • •Osimertinib (FLAURA), first-line for EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC; 80 mg daily, superior PFS and fewer grade ≥3 AEs vs first-generation TKIs.
  • •Durvalumab (PACIFIC), consolidation after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage III unresectable NSCLC; 10 mg/kg q2w for 12 months; 5-year OS 42.9%.
  • •ALK rearrangements, EML4-ALK most common; first-line lorlatinib or alectinib; excellent CNS penetration.
  • •PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, pembrolizumab monotherapy standard; 5-year OS 31.9% (KEYNOTE-024).
  • •STK11/KEAP1 co-mutations, predict poor response to immunotherapy and KRAS inhibitors; do not exclude therapy but indicate worse prognosis.
  • •Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (CheckMate 816), nivolumab + platinum-doublet for stage IB-IIIA; pCR 24% vs 2.2%; 5-year OS 65.4% vs 55.0%.
  • •Brain metastases, MRI for stage II-IV; defer local therapy for asymptomatic if CNS-active TKI; SRS for ≤5 lesions.
  • •Liquid biopsy, plasma ctDNA for EGFR detection (specificity 98%, sensitivity 53%); rapid TAT (8 days vs 32 days for tissue).

Deep Dive — Evidence Details

References

  1. [1]

    Reid E, Suneja G, Ambinder RF et al.. “Cancer in People Living With HIV, Version 1.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 30099375 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Special Populations
  2. [2]

    Pallis AG, Gridelli C, Wedding U et al.. “Management of elderly patients with NSCLC; updated expert's opinion paper: EORTC Elderly Task Force, Lung Cancer Group and International Society for Geriatric Oncology.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2014). PMID: 24638905 ↗

    L5GUIDELINECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  3. [3]

    Khoja L, Day D, Wei-Wu Chen T et al.. “Tumour- and class-specific patterns of immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2017). PMID: 28945858 ↗

    L4SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  4. [4]

    Pang LL, Zhuang WT, Chen ZH et al.. “Chemotherapy-Based Combination Regimens for Advanced EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After EGFR-TKI Failure: A Network Meta-Analysis.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 40081325 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview
  5. [5]

    Burotto M, Zvirbule Z, Mochalova A et al.. “IMscin001 Part 2: a randomised phase III, open-label, multicentre study examining the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of atezolizumab subcutaneous versus intravenous administration in previously treated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and pharmacokinetics comparison with other approved indications.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37268157 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  6. [6]

    Lu S, Ahn MJ, Reungwetwattana T et al.. “Osimertinib after definitive chemoradiotherapy in unresectable stage III epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: analyses of central nervous system efficacy and distant progression from the phase III LAURA study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39289145 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  7. [7]

    Chatterjee M, Turner DC, Felip E et al.. “Systematic evaluation of pembrolizumab dosing in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2016). PMID: 27117531 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  8. [8]

    Sugawara S, Lee JS, Kang JH et al.. “Nivolumab with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab for first-line treatment of advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2021). PMID: 34139272 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  9. [9]

    Yan TD, Black D, Bannon PG et al.. “Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials on safety and efficacy of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19289625 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  10. [10]

    Waliany S, Roy SG, Pecci F et al.. “Efficacy and Safety of Continuing Next-Generation ALK TKIs With Chemotherapy for Advanced ALK-Positive NSCLC: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 41671458 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Special Populations
  11. [11]

    Gadgeel S, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Speranza G et al.. “Updated Analysis From KEYNOTE-189: Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Pemetrexed and Platinum for Previously Untreated Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32150489 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  12. [12]

    Wang Z, Wu L, Li B et al.. “Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With Treatment-Naive Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial (CHOICE-01).” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 36206498 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview
  13. [13]

    Sun H, Li M, Huang W et al.. “Thoracic Radiotherapy Improves the Survival in Patients With EGFR-Mutated Oligo-Organ Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39374473 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  14. [14]

    Senan S, Brade A, Wang LH et al.. “PROCLAIM: Randomized Phase III Trial of Pemetrexed-Cisplatin or Etoposide-Cisplatin Plus Thoracic Radiation Therapy Followed by Consolidation Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2016). PMID: 26811519 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging
  15. [15]

    Solomon BJ, Bauer TM, Ignatius Ou SH et al.. “Post Hoc Analysis of Lorlatinib Intracranial Efficacy and Safety in Patients With ALK-Positive Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer From the Phase III CROWN Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35605188 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention
  16. [16]

    Bousema JE, Dijkgraaf MGW, van der Heijden EHFM et al.. “Endosonography With or Without Confirmatory Mediastinoscopy for Resectable Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37018653 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Imaging
  17. [17]

    Pérol M, Solomon BJ, Goto K et al.. “CNS Protective Effect of Selpercatinib in First-Line RET Fusion-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38828957 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  18. [18]

    Hussaini S, Chehade R, Boldt RG et al.. “Association between immune-related side effects and efficacy and benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors - A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Cancer treatment reviews (2020). PMID: 33302134 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview
  19. [19]

    Wink KCJ, van Baardwijk A, Troost EGC et al.. “Nodal recurrence after stereotactic body radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: Incidence and proposed risk factors.” Cancer treatment reviews (2017). PMID: 28437679 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention, Imaging
  20. [20]

    Dearden S, Stevens J, Wu YL et al.. “Mutation incidence and coincidence in non small-cell lung cancer: meta-analyses by ethnicity and histology (mutMap).” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23723294 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  21. [21]

    Lammers PE, Horn L. “Targeting angiogenesis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2013). PMID: 24142825 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  22. [22]

    Aggarwal C, Somaiah N, Simon GR. “Biomarkers with predictive and prognostic function in non-small cell lung cancer: ready for prime time?” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2010). PMID: 20679541 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  23. [23]

    Ganti AK, deShazo M, Weir AB et al.. “Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the older patient.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2012). PMID: 22308517 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Special Populations
  24. [24]

    Filippi AR, García Campelo MR, Paoli JB et al.. “Durvalumab after radiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer ineligible for chemotherapy: the DUART phase II nonrandomized controlled study.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40840233 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  25. [25]

    Langer CJ, Gadgeel SM, Borghaei H et al.. “Carboplatin and pemetrexed with or without pembrolizumab for advanced, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, phase 2 cohort of the open-label KEYNOTE-021 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2016). PMID: 27745820 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  26. [26]

    Thatcher N, Hirsch FR, Luft AV et al.. “Necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (SQUIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 26045340 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  27. [27]

    Zhang L, Zhang X, Wu L et al.. “Aumolertinib as adjuvant therapy in resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (ARTS): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2026). PMID: 41539318 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  28. [28]

    Blanchon F, Grivaux M, Asselain B et al.. “4-year mortality in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: development and validation of a prognostic index.” The Lancet. Oncology (2006). PMID: 17012045 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Imaging
  29. [29]

    Paz-Ares L, Mezger J, Ciuleanu TE et al.. “Necitumumab plus pemetrexed and cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (INSPIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 25701171 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention
  30. [30]

    Forde PM, Spicer J, Lu S et al.. “Neoadjuvant Nivolumab plus Chemotherapy in Resectable Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2022). PMID: 35403841 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  31. [31]

    Cho BC, Lu S, Felip E et al.. “Amivantamab plus Lazertinib in Previously Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC.” The New England journal of medicine (2024). PMID: 38924756 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  32. [32]

    Heymach JV, Harpole D, Mitsudomi T et al.. “Perioperative Durvalumab for Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2023). PMID: 37870974 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Imaging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  33. [33]

    Planchard D, Jänne PA, Cheng Y et al.. “Osimertinib with or without Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC.” The New England journal of medicine (2023). PMID: 37937763 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  34. [34]

    Lu S, Kato T, Dong X et al.. “Osimertinib after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III EGFR-Mutated NSCLC.” The New England journal of medicine (2024). PMID: 38828946 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  35. [35]

    Shaw AT, Bauer TM, de Marinis F et al.. “First-Line Lorlatinib or Crizotinib in Advanced ALK-Positive Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2020). PMID: 33207094 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  36. [36]

    Altorki N, Wang X, Kozono D et al.. “Lobar or Sublobar Resection for Peripheral Stage IA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2023). PMID: 36780674 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging
  37. [37]

    Fischer B, Lassen U, Mortensen J et al.. “Preoperative staging of lung cancer with combined PET-CT.” The New England journal of medicine (2009). PMID: 19571281 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Imaging, Staging
  38. [38]

    Li W, Xiong A, Yang N et al.. “Efficacy and Safety of Taletrectinib in Chinese Patients With ROS1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase II TRUST-I Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38822758 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  39. [39]

    Park S, Baldry R, Jung HA et al.. “Phase II Efficacy and Safety of 80 mg Osimertinib in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastases Associated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (BLOSSOM).” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38828959 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  40. [40]

    Nishino M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Hatabu H et al.. “Incidence of Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 27540850 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  41. [41]

    Wang J, Lu S, Yu X et al.. “Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone as First-line Treatment for Advanced Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 33792623 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  42. [42]

    Louie AV, Granton PV, Fairchild A et al.. “Palliative Radiation for Advanced Central Lung Tumors With Intentional Avoidance of the Esophagus (PROACTIVE): A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2022). PMID: 35201290 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  43. [43]

    . “Alectinib Superior to Crizotinib for ALK+ NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2017). PMID: 28600466 ↗

    L5RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  44. [44]

    Rodon J, Rodriguez E, Maitland ML et al.. “A phase I study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PF-06939999 (PRMT5 inhibitor) in patients with selected advanced or metastatic tumors with high incidence of splicing factor gene mutations.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38640748 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  45. [45]

    Garassino MC, Khalifa J, Reck M et al.. “Durvalumab after sequential chemoradiotherapy in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer-final analysis from the phase II PACIFIC-6 trial.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40435873 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  46. [46]

    Jung HA, Park S, Lee SH et al.. “Dacomitinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis: a single-arm, phase II study.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 38016250 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  47. [47]

    Wu YL, Yao Y, Yang JJ et al.. “Vebreltinib in MET amplification-driven advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KUNPENG): a single-arm, multi-cohort, multicentre, phase 2 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2025). PMID: 41365311 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  48. [48]

    de Bono JS, Concin N, Hong DS et al.. “Tisotumab vedotin in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumours (InnovaTV 201): a first-in-human, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2019). PMID: 30745090 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  49. [49]

    Park W, Kasi A, Spira AI et al.. “Setidegrasib in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2026). PMID: 41879829 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging
  50. [50]

    Johnson KR, Ringland C, Stokes BJ et al.. “Response rate or time to progression as predictors of survival in trials of metastatic colorectal cancer or non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.” The Lancet. Oncology (2006). PMID: 16945769 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  51. [51]

    Laskin J, Liu SV, Tolba K et al.. “NRG1 fusion-driven tumors: biology, detection, and the therapeutic role of afatinib and other ErbB-targeting agents.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32916265 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  52. [52]

    Schild SE, Vokes EE. “Pathways to improving combined modality therapy for stage III nonsmall-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 26712904 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging
  53. [53]

    Reck M. “What future opportunities may immuno-oncology provide for improving the treatment of patients with lung cancer?” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2012). PMID: 22918925 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  54. [54]

    Rinaldi M, Cauchi C, Gridelli C. “First line chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic NSCLC.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2006). PMID: 16807466 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  55. [55]

    Trodella L, D'Angelillo RM, Ramella S et al.. “Chemo-radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: the role of gemcitabine.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2006). PMID: 16807463 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  56. [56]

    Zhong J, Wu L, Song Z et al.. “TROP-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate SHR-A1921 for advanced or metastatic solid tumors: A first-in-human phase 1 study.” Cancer cell (2025). PMID: 41135519 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Special Populations
  57. [57]

    Sinn K, Mosleh B, Steindl A et al.. “Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is superior to chemotherapy alone in surgically treated stage III/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective single-center cohort study.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35397435 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  58. [58]

    Garassino MC, Whisenant JG, Huang LC et al.. “COVID-19 in patients with thoracic malignancies (TERAVOLT): first results of an international, registry-based, cohort study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2020). PMID: 32539942 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation
  59. [59]

    Melosky B, Chu Q, Juergens R et al.. “Pointed Progress in Second-Line Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Rapidly Evolving Field of Checkpoint Inhibition.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2016). PMID: 26884577 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  60. [60]

    Roberts PJ, Stinchcombe TE. “KRAS mutation: should we test for it, and does it matter?” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23401440 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  61. [61]

    Lyu J, Mantz L, Katz-Agranov NS et al.. “Sarcopenia, Elevated Body Mass Index, and Platinum-Associated Adverse Events in Patients With Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 40738140 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Special Populations
  62. [62]

    Moffat GT, Wang T, Robinson AG. “Small Cell Lung Cancer in Light/Never Smokers - A Role for Molecular Testing?” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2023). PMID: 36791749 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  63. [63]

    Kichenadasse G, Miners JO, Mangoni AA et al.. “Multiorgan Immune-Related Adverse Events During Treatment With Atezolizumab.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2020). PMID: 32886899 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  64. [64]

    Allen J, Jahanzeb M. “Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage III NSCLC.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2008). PMID: 18377847 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Staging
  65. [65]

    Milligan MG, Cronin AM, Colson Y et al.. “Overuse of Diagnostic Brain Imaging Among Patients With Stage IA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2020). PMID: 32380461 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Imaging, Staging, Special Populations
  66. [66]

    Gross CP, Meyer CS, Ogale S et al.. “Associations Between Medicaid Insurance, Biomarker Testing, and Outcomes in Patients With Advanced NSCLC.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2022). PMID: 35545174 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  67. [67]

    Rahma OE, Reuss JE, Giobbie-Hurder A et al.. “Early 3+3 Trial Dose-Escalation Phase I Clinical Trial Design and Suitability for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 33082209 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  68. [68]

    Nakamichi S, Kubota K, Misumi T et al.. “Phase II Study of Durvalumab Immediately after Completion of Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: TORG1937 (DATE Study).” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38165684 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  69. [69]

    Chon K, Larkins E, Chatterjee S et al.. “FDA Approval Summary: Amivantamab for the Treatment of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37022784 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  70. [70]

    Dang C, Li J, Chen H et al.. “Efficacy and safety of Programmed Death Ligand 1 inhibitors versus Programmed Death 1 inhibitors in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” PeerJ (2026). PMID: 42433386 ↗

    L1SR_MA_RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  71. [71]

    Zalaquett Z, Catherine Rita Hachem M, Kassis Y et al.. “Acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib: The constant battle.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 37060646 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview
  72. [72]

    Heist RS, Sands J, Bardia A et al.. “Clinical management, monitoring, and prophylaxis of adverse events of special interest associated with datopotamab deruxtecan.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 38502995 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  73. [73]

    Rached L, Laparra A, Sakkal M et al.. “Toxicity of immunotherapy combinations with chemotherapy across tumor indications: Current knowledge and practical recommendations.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 38729086 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview
  74. [74]

    Li AY, McCusker MG, Russo A et al.. “RET fusions in solid tumors.” Cancer treatment reviews (2019). PMID: 31715421 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  75. [75]

    Custodio A, Méndez M, Provencio M. “Targeted therapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: current status and future implications.” Cancer treatment reviews (2011). PMID: 21592673 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  76. [76]

    El Rassy E, Botticella A, Kattan J et al.. “Non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases and the immune system: From brain metastases development to treatment.” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 29883857 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  77. [77]

    Remon J, Le Rhun E, Besse B. “Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients: A continuing challenge in the personalized treatment era.” Cancer treatment reviews (2016). PMID: 28110254 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  78. [78]

    Mavrikios A, Remon J, Quevrin C et al.. “Local control strategies for management of NSCLC with oligoprogressive disease.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 37690180 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  79. [79]

    Attili I, Corvaja C, Trillo Aliaga P et al.. “Dealing with KRAS G12C inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) - biology, clinical results and future directions.” Cancer treatment reviews (2025). PMID: 40381528 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  80. [80]

    Zimmermann S, Dziadziuszko R, Peters S. “Indications and limitations of chemotherapy and targeted agents in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.” Cancer treatment reviews (2014). PMID: 24759599 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  81. [81]

    Meyer ML, Peters S, Jänne PA et al.. “Global advances and future directions in lung cancer care: expert consensus and strategic priorities.” ESMO open (2026). PMID: 41579430 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention
  82. [82]

    Zhou F, Yang Y, Zhang L et al.. “Expert consensus of management of adverse drug reactions with anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37230029 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  83. [83]

    Howard HR, Hasanova M, Tiwari A et al.. “The landscape of conventional and artificial intelligence-based clinical prediction models in non-small-cell lung cancer: from development to real-world validation.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40840236 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  84. [84]

    Sen T, Dotsu Y, Corbett V et al.. “Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies.” The Lancet. Oncology (2025). PMID: 39756451 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Imaging, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  85. [85]

    Zhang I, Zaorsky NG, Palmer JD et al.. “Targeting brain metastases in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 26433824 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  86. [86]

    Glanville AR, Wilson BE. “Lung transplantation for non-small cell lung cancer and multifocal bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma.” The Lancet. Oncology (2018). PMID: 30084382 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  87. [87]

    Wrangle J, Machida EO, Danilova L et al.. “Functional identification of cancer-specific methylation of CDO1, HOXA9, and TAC1 for the diagnosis of lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2014). PMID: 24486589 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation, Imaging, Staging
  88. [88]

    Desai AP, Adashek JJ, Reuss JE et al.. “Perioperative Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 36394834 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  89. [89]

    Autio KA, Boni V, Humphrey RW et al.. “Probody Therapeutics: An Emerging Class of Therapies Designed to Enhance On-Target Effects with Reduced Off-Tumor Toxicity for Use in Immuno-Oncology.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 31601568 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  90. [90]

    Cheung JM, Waliany S, Yeap BY et al.. “Adverse events associated with sequential immune checkpoint inhibitor and alectinib in patients with ALK-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 41061344 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  91. [91]

    Ruano-Raviña A, Provencio M, Calvo de Juan V et al.. “Lung cancer symptoms at diagnosis: results of a nationwide registry study.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 33214227 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  92. [92]

    Soo R, Mery L, Bardot A et al.. “Diagnostic work-up and systemic treatment for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer in four Southeast Asian countries.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35988454 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Imaging
  93. [93]

    Wang HY, Wu SG, Lin YT et al.. “Risk of thromboembolism in non-small-cell lung cancers patients with different oncogenic drivers, including ROS1, ALK, and EGFR mutations.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 36493600 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  94. [94]

    Howlader N, Forjaz G, Mooradian MJ et al.. “The Effect of Advances in Lung-Cancer Treatment on Population Mortality.” The New England journal of medicine (2020). PMID: 32786189 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  95. [95]

    Pich O, Bernard E, Zagorulya M et al.. “Tumor-Infiltrating Clonal Hematopoiesis.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 40267425 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  96. [96]

    Wu Z, Liu T, Yu R et al.. “Prognostic analysis and beneficiary population exploration of subsequent treatment regimens after third-generation EGFR-TKIs failure in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42433249 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  97. [97]

    Ma P, Zhou Y, Zhang X et al.. “Hepatic safety of sintilimab versus pembrolizumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective observational cohort study.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42421963 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview, Special Populations
  98. [98]

    Ganti AK, Klein AB, Cotarla I et al.. “Update of Incidence, Prevalence, Survival, and Initial Treatment in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the US.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34673888 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Management Overview, Special Populations
  99. [99]

    Tsukita Y, Tozuka T, Kushiro K et al.. “Immunotherapy or Chemoimmunotherapy in Older Adults With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38451530 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Special Populations
  100. [100]

    Salazar MC, Rosen JE, Wang Z et al.. “Association of Delayed Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Survival After Lung Cancer Surgery.” JAMA oncology (2017). PMID: 28056112 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Imaging, Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  101. [101]

    Heyward J, Lesko CR, Murray JC et al.. “Harm-Benefit Balance of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2025). PMID: 40338588 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  102. [102]

    Berchuck JE, Meyer CS, Zhang N et al.. “Association of Mental Health Treatment With Outcomes for US Veterans Diagnosed With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2020). PMID: 32496507 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  103. [103]

    Jabbour SK, Lee KH, Frost N et al.. “Pembrolizumab Plus Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 2 KEYNOTE-799 Nonrandomized Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34086039 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  104. [104]

    Fox AH, Ward RC, Alexander M et al.. “Rates of Systemic Treatment for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Among Older Adults.” JAMA oncology (2026). PMID: 42096214 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  105. [105]

    Kim KH, Oh J, Yang G et al.. “Association of Sinoatrial Node Radiation Dose With Atrial Fibrillation and Mortality in Patients With Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2022). PMID: 36136325 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  106. [106]

    . “First-Line Osimertinib Beneficial in Advanced NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2017). PMID: 29217691 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  107. [107]

    Liang W, Liu J, He J. “Driving the Improvement of Lung Cancer Prognosis.” Cancer cell (2020). PMID: 33049207 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  108. [108]

    Zhang L, Luo N, Zan H et al.. “Heat-sensitive Moxibustion Enhances Immunity in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 Regulation.” Iranian journal of immunology : IJI (2026). PMID: 42365464 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  109. [109]

    Mao X, Cai M, Fan B. “Lung organoids for respiratory diseases: overcoming translational hurdles in drug discovery and safety assessment.” Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology (2026). PMID: 42376297 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  110. [110]

    Lee K, Kang M, Namgung Y et al.. “Treatment-free survival after two-year immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer: Utilizing the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42372380 ↗

    L2REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  111. [111]

    Liu X, Li H, Dong G et al.. “Advances in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42367815 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  112. [112]

    Wang X, Li X, Zhou J et al.. “Regulatory B-cell states in NSCLC immunotherapy resistance: mechanisms, spatial context and translational implications.” Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII (2026). PMID: 42362948 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  113. [113]

    Martins RS, Hanna Y, Axtell AL. “Artificial Intelligence and the Evolving Paradigm of Lung Cancer Management.” Cancers (2026). PMID: 42352544 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation
  114. [114]

    Lehner S, Singer J, Hackner K et al.. “Pre- or Perioperative Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Systematic Literature Review.” Cancers (2026). PMID: 42352534 ↗

    L1REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention
  115. [115]

    Ali H, Xie B, Yang J et al.. “Microbial Influence on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Non-Small Cell Carcinoma: The Gut-Lung-Immune Axis.” Cancers (2026). PMID: 42352482 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  116. [116]

    Akbar S, Fernandes Q, Khaja Mohamed Yoosuf ZS et al.. “Extracellular vesicles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer.” Expert review of molecular diagnostics (2026). PMID: 42323710 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation
  117. [117]

    Pecci F, Li H, Di Federico A et al.. “First-Line MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors versus Immunotherapy ± Chemotherapy for Patients with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutant Metastatic NSCLC.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40864503 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  118. [118]

    Herbst RS, Blanke CD, Sigal EV. “Novel Approach to Accelerate Lung Cancer Research: Lung-MAP and the Potential of Public-Private Partnerships.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 37903180 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  119. [119]

    Goerig NL, Frey B, Korn K et al.. “Early Mortality of Brain Cancer Patients and its Connection to Cytomegalovirus Reactivation During Radiochemotherapy.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32060103 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  120. [120]

    Jonna S, Feldman RA, Swensen J et al.. “Detection of NRG1 Gene Fusions in Solid Tumors.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 30988082 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  121. [121]

    Ruge L, John F, Verheyen M et al.. “Molecular and clinical characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring KRAS Q61 mutations to assess therapeutic responses.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2026). PMID: 42268349 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  122. [122]

    Xu Y, Hosny A, Zeleznik R et al.. “Deep Learning Predicts Lung Cancer Treatment Response from Serial Medical Imaging.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 31010833 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology, Imaging
  123. [123]

    Chow LQM, Barlesi F, Bertino EM et al.. “ASCEND-7: Efficacy and Safety of Ceritinib Treatment in Patients with ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastatic to the Brain and/or Leptomeninges.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2022). PMID: 35091443 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Definition and Epidemiology
  124. [124]

    Vogelbaum MA, Brown PD, Messersmith H et al.. “Treatment for Brain Metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO Guideline.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2021). PMID: 34932393 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  125. [125]

    Lee SH, Menis J, Kim TM et al.. “Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with oncogene-addicted metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 39615406 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  126. [126]

    Li N, Zeng ZF, Wang SY et al.. “Randomized phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with fully resected stage IIIA-N2 nonsmall-cell lung cancer and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2014). PMID: 25515658 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  127. [127]

    Mitchell P, Thatcher N, Socinski MA et al.. “Tecemotide in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer in the phase III START study: updated overall survival and biomarker analyses.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25722382 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  128. [128]

    Dammeijer F, Lievense LA, Veerman GD et al.. “Efficacy of Tumor Vaccines and Cellular Immunotherapies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2016). PMID: 27432922 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  129. [129]

    Lee CK, Wu YL, Ding PN et al.. “Impact of Specific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations and Clinical Characteristics on Outcomes After Treatment With EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Versus Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25897154 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  130. [130]

    Deutsch E, Le Péchoux C, Faivre L et al.. “Phase I trial of everolimus in combination with thoracic radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25701455 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  131. [131]

    Middleton G, Crack LR, Popat S et al.. “The National Lung Matrix Trial: translating the biology of stratification in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 26410619 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  132. [132]

    D'Addario G, Rauch D, Stupp R et al.. “Multicenter phase II trial of gefitinib first-line therapy followed by chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): SAKK protocol 19/03.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2007). PMID: 18096565 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  133. [133]

    Funakoshi T, Suzuki M, Tamura K. “Infectious complications in cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Cancer treatment reviews (2014). PMID: 25288497 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  134. [134]

    Landré T, Karaboué A, Buchwald ZS et al.. “Effect of immunotherapy-infusion time of day on survival of patients with advanced cancers: a study-level meta-analysis.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38232612 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  135. [135]

    Conforti F, Pala L, Bagnardi V et al.. “Cancer immunotherapy efficacy and patients' sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” The Lancet. Oncology (2018). PMID: 29778737 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  136. [136]

    Li M, Hou X, Zheng L et al.. “Utilizing phenotypic characteristics of metastatic brain tumors to improve the probability of detecting circulating tumor DNA from cerebrospinal fluid in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: development and validation of a prediction model in a prospective cohort study.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34922300 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  137. [137]

    Izawa N, Shiokawa H, Onuki R et al.. “The clinical utility of comprehensive measurement of autoimmune disease-related antibodies in patients with advanced solid tumors receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35247869 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  138. [138]

    Gomes F, Lorigan P, Woolley S et al.. “A prospective cohort study on the safety of checkpoint inhibitors in older cancer patients - the ELDERS study.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 33516147 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  139. [139]

    Wu YL, Zhou C, Hu CP et al.. “Afatinib versus cisplatin plus gemcitabine for first-line treatment of Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations (LUX-Lung 6): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2014). PMID: 24439929 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Staging
  140. [140]

    Reck M, Kaiser R, Mellemgaard A et al.. “Docetaxel plus nintedanib versus docetaxel plus placebo in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (LUME-Lung 1): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2014). PMID: 24411639 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Staging
  141. [141]

    Westeel V, Foucher P, Scherpereel A et al.. “Chest CT scan plus x-ray versus chest x-ray for the follow-up of completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (IFCT-0302): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2022). PMID: 35964621 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Imaging
  142. [142]

    Zhong WZ, Wang Q, Mao WM et al.. “Gefitinib versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin as adjuvant treatment for stage II-IIIA (N1-N2) EGFR-mutant NSCLC (ADJUVANT/CTONG1104): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2017). PMID: 29174310 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  143. [143]

    Herbst RS, Redman MW, Kim ES et al.. “Cetuximab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab versus carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab in advanced NSCLC (SWOG S0819): a randomised, phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2017). PMID: 29169877 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  144. [144]

    Quoix E, Ramlau R, Westeel V et al.. “Therapeutic vaccination with TG4010 and first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a controlled phase 2B trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2011). PMID: 22019520 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  145. [145]

    Pirker R, Pereira JR, von Pawel J et al.. “EGFR expression as a predictor of survival for first-line chemotherapy plus cetuximab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2011). PMID: 22056021 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  146. [146]

    Sequist LV, Soria JC, Goldman JW et al.. “Rociletinib in EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2015). PMID: 25923550 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  147. [147]

    Shaw AT, Solomon BJ, Besse B et al.. “ALK Resistance Mutations and Efficacy of Lorlatinib in Advanced Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2019). PMID: 30892989 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  148. [148]

    Strickler JH, Weekes CD, Nemunaitis J et al.. “First-in-Human Phase I, Dose-Escalation and -Expansion Study of Telisotuzumab Vedotin, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2018). PMID: 30285518 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  149. [149]

    Karachaliou N, Mayo-de las Casas C, Queralt C et al.. “Association of EGFR L858R Mutation in Circulating Free DNA With Survival in the EURTAC Trial.” JAMA oncology (2015). PMID: 26181014 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  150. [150]

    Aoyama H, Tago M, Shirato H. “Stereotactic Radiosurgery With or Without Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: Secondary Analysis of the JROSG 99-1 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2015). PMID: 26181254 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  151. [151]

    Kazandjian D, Khozin S, Blumenthal G et al.. “Benefit-Risk Summary of Nivolumab for Patients With Metastatic Squamous Cell Lung Cancer After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Report From the US Food and Drug Administration.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 26470053 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  152. [152]

    Zhong R, Ling X, Cao S et al.. “Safety and efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DCVAC/LuCa) combined with carboplatin/pemetrexed for patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer without oncogenic drivers.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34959168 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  153. [153]

    Redman MW, Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Minichiello K et al.. “Biomarker-driven therapies for previously treated squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (Lung-MAP SWOG S1400): a biomarker-driven master protocol.” The Lancet. Oncology (2020). PMID: 33125909 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  154. [154]

    Rizvi NA, Mazières J, Planchard D et al.. “Activity and safety of nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, for patients with advanced, refractory squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 063): a phase 2, single-arm trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 25704439 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  155. [155]

    Schuler M, Cho BC, Sayehli CM et al.. “Rogaratinib in patients with advanced cancers selected by FGFR mRNA expression: a phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2019). PMID: 31405822 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  156. [156]

    Kwak EL, Bang YJ, Camidge DR et al.. “Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2010). PMID: 20979469 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  157. [157]

    Lammers PE, Lovly CM, Horn L. “A patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring concurrent EGFR L858R, EGFR germline T790M, and PIK3CA mutations: the challenge of interpreting results of comprehensive mutational testing in lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2014). PMID: 24453288 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  158. [158]

    Awad MM, Govindan R, Balogh KN et al.. “Personalized neoantigen vaccine NEO-PV-01 with chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 as first-line treatment for non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 36027916 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Management Overview
  159. [159]

    Vijayvergia N, Shah PC, Denlinger CS. “Survivorship in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Challenges Faced and Steps Forward.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2015). PMID: 26358799 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation, Management Overview
  160. [160]

    Shaw AT, Solomon B, Kenudson MM. “Crizotinib and testing for ALK.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2011). PMID: 22157554 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  161. [161]

    Goyal G, Enogela EM, Burkholder GA et al.. “Burden of Chronic Health Conditions Among People With HIV and Common Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 40490015 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Special Populations
  162. [162]

    Johanns TM, Ferguson CJ, Grierson PM et al.. “Rapid Clinical and Radiographic Response With Combined Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Adults With BRAF-Mutated High-Grade Glioma.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 29295876 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging
  163. [163]

    Liu WH, Cheng YJ, Kang J et al.. “Cardiovascular adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving osimertinib therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42229338 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  164. [164]

    Meyer ML, Peters S, Mok TS et al.. “Lung cancer research and treatment: global perspectives and strategic calls to action.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39413875 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation
  165. [165]

    Kerr KM, López-Ríos F. “Precision medicine in NSCLC and pathology: how does ALK fit in the pathway?” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2016). PMID: 27573752 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  166. [166]

    Decoster L, Wauters I, Vansteenkiste JF. “Vaccination therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: review of agents in phase III development.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2011). PMID: 22156658 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Staging
  167. [167]

    Mazieres J, Cropet C, Montané L et al.. “Vemurafenib in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with BRAFV600 and BRAFnonV600 mutations.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2020). PMID: 31959346 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  168. [168]

    Reck M, Barlesi F, Crinò L et al.. “Predicting and managing the risk of pulmonary haemorrhage in patients with NSCLC treated with bevacizumab: a consensus report from a panel of experts.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2011). PMID: 22056855 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  169. [169]

    Lopez Guerra JL, Gomez DR, Lin SH et al.. “Risk factors for local and regional recurrence in patients with resected N0-N1 non-small-cell lung cancer, with implications for patient selection for adjuvant radiation therapy.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2012). PMID: 23002278 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  170. [170]

    Lee SY, Choi JE, Jeon HS et al.. “A genetic variation in microRNA target site of KRT81 gene is associated with survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25716425 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  171. [171]

    Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Jordana-Ariza N, Garzón-Ibañez M et al.. “Large scale, prospective screening of EGFR mutations in the blood of advanced NSCLC patients to guide treatment decisions.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2017). PMID: 28911086 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  172. [172]

    Al-Batran SE, Hozaeel W, Tauchert FK et al.. “The impact of docetaxel-related toxicities on health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic cancer (QoliTax).” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25755108 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  173. [173]

    Swaminathan M, Angelakas A, Baxter M et al.. “Treatment and outcomes of immunotherapy related colitis and hepatitis- a multi-centre cohort study in the United Kingdom by the National Oncology Trainee Collaborative for Healthcare Research (NOTCH).” Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2026). PMID: 42213142 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  174. [174]

    Awad MM, Oxnard GR, Jackman DM et al.. “MET Exon 14 Mutations in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Are Associated With Advanced Age and Stage-Dependent MET Genomic Amplification and c-Met Overexpression.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2016). PMID: 26729443 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Staging
  175. [175]

    Levy A, Mercier O, Le Péchoux C. “Indications and Parameters Around Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985927 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  176. [176]

    Chaft JE, Shyr Y, Sepesi B et al.. “Preoperative and Postoperative Systemic Therapy for Operable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985966 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  177. [177]

    Donington J, Schumacher L, Yanagawa J. “Surgical Issues for Operable Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985938 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  178. [178]

    Subramanian J, Govindan R. “Lung cancer in never smokers: a review.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2007). PMID: 17290066 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  179. [179]

    Daly ME. “Inoperable Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy and Rationale for Systemic Therapy.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985921 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  180. [180]

    Pellini B, Chaudhuri AA. “Circulating Tumor DNA Minimal Residual Disease Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Curative Intent.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985936 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  181. [181]

    Huang YT, Heist RS, Chirieac LR et al.. “Genome-wide analysis of survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19414679 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  182. [182]

    Lee J, Cho HS, Cho JS et al.. “Preoperative Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and 30-Day Postoperative Complications After Lung Resection for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.” Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery (2026). PMID: 42340681 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  183. [183]

    Xu M, Sun J, Sun M. “Effect of hypoalbuminemia on postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection: a retrospective cohort study.” PeerJ (2026). PMID: 42299149 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  184. [184]

    Zhu J, Gu H, Zeng Z et al.. “Association between planetary health diet index and lung cancer risk in 106,542 participants: a prospective cohort study.” Frontiers in nutrition (2026). PMID: 42137860 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  185. [185]

    Marinello A, Tagliamento M, Pagliaro A et al.. “Circulating tumor DNA to guide diagnosis and treatment of localized and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 38963991 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  186. [186]

    Passiglia F, Malapelle U, Normanno N et al.. “Optimizing diagnosis and treatment of EGFR exon 20 insertions mutant NSCLC.” Cancer treatment reviews (2022). PMID: 35882108 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation
  187. [187]

    Pasello G, Scattolin D, Bonanno L et al.. “Secondary prevention and treatment innovation of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: Impact on diagnostic-therapeutic pathway from a multidisciplinary perspective.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 36940657 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation, Imaging
  188. [188]

    Loganadane G, Martinetti F, Mercier O et al.. “Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: A critical literature review of predictive factors of relapse.” Cancer treatment reviews (2016). PMID: 27768919 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Imaging, Staging
  189. [189]

    Avery EJ, Kessinger A, Ganti AK. “Therapeutic options for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2009). PMID: 19155139 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Staging, Special Populations
  190. [190]

    Xu S, Luo J, Tang W et al.. “Detecting pulmonary malignancy against benign nodules using noninvasive cell-free DNA fragmentomics assay.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 39088983 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  191. [191]

    Trestini I, Sperduti I, Sposito M et al.. “Evaluation of nutritional status in non-small-cell lung cancer: screening, assessment and correlation with treatment outcome.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 32424067 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Imaging
  192. [192]

    Hoang TCT, Debieuvre D, Bravard AS et al.. “Risk factors for early mortality from lung cancer: evolution over the last 20 years in the French nationwide KBP cohorts.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38848661 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  193. [193]

    Mosteiro M, Azuara D, Villatoro S et al.. “Molecular profiling and feasibility using a comprehensive hybrid capture panel on a consecutive series of non-small-cell lung cancer patients from a single centre.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 38070435 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  194. [194]

    Coelho AL, Gomes MP, Catarino RJ et al.. “CSF-1 and Ang-2 serum levels - prognostic and diagnostic partners in non-small cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2018). PMID: 30094067 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  195. [195]

    Dubey S, Siegfried JM, Traynor AM. “Non-small-cell lung cancer and breast carcinoma: chemotherapy and beyond.” The Lancet. Oncology (2006). PMID: 16648046 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  196. [196]

    Jamal-Hanjani M, Wilson GA, McGranahan N et al.. “Tracking the Evolution of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2017). PMID: 28445112 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  197. [197]

    Rosell R, Moran T, Queralt C et al.. “Screening for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2009). PMID: 19692684 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Clinical Presentation
  198. [198]

    Marinello A, Ghigna MR, Rotow JK et al.. “Expression of Membrane Targets for Therapeutics in RET-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2025). PMID: 40440007 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  199. [199]

    Kehl KL, Zahrieh D, Yang P et al.. “Rates of Guideline-Concordant Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Among Patients With Early-Stage Lung Cancer in the US ALCHEMIST Study (Alliance A151216).” JAMA oncology (2022). PMID: 35297944 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Staging
  200. [200]

    Li B, Cui Y, Diehn M et al.. “Development and Validation of an Individualized Immune Prognostic Signature in Early-Stage Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2017). PMID: 28687838 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  201. [201]

    Cagney DN, Martin AM, Catalano PJ et al.. “Implications of Screening for Brain Metastases in Patients With Breast Cancer and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 29799956 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  202. [202]

    . “Selpercatinib Improves EFS in RET Fusion-Positive NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2026). PMID: 42226675 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  203. [203]

    Limagne E, Nuttin L, Thibaudin M et al.. “MEK inhibition overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by inducing CXCL10 in cancer cells.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 35051357 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  204. [204]

    Hanada KI, Zhao C, Gil-Hoyos R et al.. “A phenotypic signature that identifies neoantigen-reactive T cells in fresh human lung cancers.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 35452604 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  205. [205]

    Sugimoto A, Matsumoto S, Udagawa H et al.. “A Large-Scale Prospective Concordance Study of Plasma- and Tissue-Based Next-Generation Targeted Sequencing for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (LC-SCRUM-Liquid).” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 36201167 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  206. [206]

    Anagnostou VK, Brahmer JR. “Cancer immunotherapy: a future paradigm shift in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2015). PMID: 25733707 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  207. [207]

    Montanuy H, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Antonio Casado J et al.. “Gefitinib and Afatinib Show Potential Efficacy for Fanconi Anemia-Related Head and Neck Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32005748 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  208. [208]

    Hulbert A, Jusue-Torres I, Stark A et al.. “Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using DNA Promoter Hypermethylation in Plasma and Sputum.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27729459 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  209. [209]

    Sequist LV, Joshi VA, Jänne PA et al.. “Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation testing in the care of lung cancer patients.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2006). PMID: 16857818 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  210. [210]

    Wei R, Cao L, Pu H et al.. “TERT Polymorphism rs2736100-C Is Associated with EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2015). PMID: 26149460 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  211. [211]

    Tanimoto A, Matsumoto S, Takeuchi S et al.. “Proteasome Inhibition Overcomes ALK-TKI Resistance in ALK-Rearranged/TP53-Mutant NSCLC via Noxa Expression.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 33310890 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  212. [212]

    Xie Y, Lu W, Wang S et al.. “Validation of the 12-gene Predictive Signature for Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 30287547 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  213. [213]

    Katayama R, Kobayashi Y, Friboulet L et al.. “Cabozantinib overcomes crizotinib resistance in ROS1 fusion-positive cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2014). PMID: 25351743 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  214. [214]

    Liu B, Ricarte Filho J, Mallisetty A et al.. “Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32430478 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  215. [215]

    Yu J, Kane S, Wu J et al.. “Mutation-specific antibodies for the detection of EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2009). PMID: 19366827 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  216. [216]

    Takeuchi K, Choi YL, Soda M et al.. “Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR screening for EML4-ALK fusion transcripts.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2008). PMID: 18927303 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  217. [217]

    Sharma A, Bender S, Zimmermann M et al.. “Secretome Signature Identifies ADAM17 as Novel Target for Radiosensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27076628 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  218. [218]

    Fan X, Yu T, Liao Q et al.. “The Landscape of Clinical Trials for TCR-T Cell Therapy.” American journal of clinical oncology (2026). PMID: 42184246 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  219. [219]

    Edelman MJ, Vachani A, Haagen Zambino DM et al.. “Pragmatic, Multicenter, Double-Blind Evaluation of Circulating Cancer-Associated Macrophage-Like Cells for Detection of Cancer in Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules.” JCO precision oncology (2026). PMID: 42430695 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  220. [220]

    Wang X, Li J, Wu X et al.. “Development and clinical application of a primary cancer organoid-PBMC co-culture system for personalized immunotherapy.” Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy (2026). PMID: 42418986 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  221. [221]

    Zhou DY, Xie P, Wang SY et al.. “ANGPTL4 contributes to osimertinib resistance through NDRG1-associated extracellular matrix remodeling in EGFR-mutant NSCLC organoid models.” Cancer cell international (2026). PMID: 42415069 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  222. [222]

    Wang T, Fu Y, Song B et al.. “Discovery of highly selective and potent CYP1B1 inhibitors for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in A549/Taxol cells.” European journal of medicinal chemistry (2026). PMID: 42401084 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  223. [223]

    Wang ZZ, Tang RF, He JY et al.. “Phenotypic characterization and prevalence of preoperative respiratory sarcopenia in Chinese patients with resectable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: A two-center cross-sectional study.” European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology (2026). PMID: 42379047 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  224. [224]

    Ma C, Jin X, Sun A et al.. “Effect of isoginkgetin on targeting methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer.” Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2026). PMID: 42361761 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Risk Factors and Prevention
  225. [225]

    Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Akerley W et al.. “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 6.2015.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2015). PMID: 25964637 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  226. [226]

    Sugawara S, Oizumi S, Minato K et al.. “Randomized phase II study of concurrent versus sequential alternating gefitinib and chemotherapy in previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer with sensitive EGFR mutations: NEJ005/TCOG0902.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25669832 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  227. [227]

    Viñal D, Martínez D, Higuera O et al.. “Genomic profiling in non-small-cell lung cancer in young patients. A systematic review.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 33516149 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  228. [228]

    Mascaux C, Tsao MS, Hirsch FR. “Genomic Testing in Lung Cancer: Past, Present, and Future.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 29523671 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  229. [229]

    Soria JC, Wu YL, Nakagawa K et al.. “Gefitinib plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer after progression on first-line gefitinib (IMPRESS): a phase 3 randomised trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 26159065 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  230. [230]

    Wu YL, Lee JS, Thongprasert S et al.. “Intercalated combination of chemotherapy and erlotinib for patients with advanced stage non-small-cell lung cancer (FASTACT-2): a randomised, double-blind trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2013). PMID: 23782814 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  231. [231]

    Kanwar N, Seyi AB, Tan N et al.. “From Diagnosis, Therapy Decision-Making to Genetic Risk Assessment: The Impact of ctDNA Testing on Comprehensive Cancer Management-A Case Report.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 41671451 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  232. [232]

    Sukari A, Nagasaka M, Wakeling E. “EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine: Importance of Germline EGFR T790M Testing.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2017). PMID: 28982744 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  233. [233]

    Wu J, Liu J, Zhou Y et al.. “Predictive value of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms on platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2012). PMID: 22705987 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  234. [234]

    Guan S, Chen X, Chen Y et al.. “FOXM1 Variant Contributes to Gefitinib Resistance via Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2022). PMID: 35695863 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  235. [235]

    Tan AC, Tan DSW. “Targeted Therapies for Lung Cancer Patients With Oncogenic Driver Molecular Alterations.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985916 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  236. [236]

    Subbiah V, Yang D, Velcheti V et al.. “State-of-the-Art Strategies for Targeting RET-Dependent Cancers.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32083997 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  237. [237]

    Li T, Kung HJ, Mack PC et al.. “Genotyping and genomic profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer: implications for current and future therapies.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23401433 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  238. [238]

    Sequist LV, Bell DW, Lynch TJ et al.. “Molecular predictors of response to epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2007). PMID: 17290067 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  239. [239]

    Passiglia F, Righi L, Bironzo P et al.. “Niraparib plus Dostarlimab in Pleural Mesothelioma or Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring HRR Mutations: Interim Results of the UNITO-001 Phase II Prospective Trial.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38109438 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  240. [240]

    McNamara MG, Jacobs T, Lamarca A et al.. “Impact of high tumor mutational burden in solid tumors and challenges for biomarker application.” Cancer treatment reviews (2020). PMID: 32738738 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  241. [241]

    Loong HH, Shimizu T, Prawira A et al.. “Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with metastatic cancer in the Asia-Pacific region: a report from the APODDC working group.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37356359 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  242. [242]

    Yasuda H, Kobayashi S, Costa DB. “EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer: preclinical data and clinical implications.” The Lancet. Oncology (2011). PMID: 21764376 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  243. [243]

    Al-Matrafi AR, Baxter MA, Pearson ER et al.. “Germline variants and impact on lung cancer outcomes following chemotherapy: A systematic review.” Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (2026). PMID: 42342141 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  244. [244]

    Gentile G, Gelibter A, De Marchis L et al.. “The role of germline mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review of emerging genetic drivers and clinical implications.” Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (2026). PMID: 41933854 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  245. [245]

    Govindan R, Navo K, Huang M et al.. “Germline alterations in patients with lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 41412497 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  246. [246]

    Shao XM, Huang J, Niknafs N et al.. “HLA class II immunogenic mutation burden predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35339648 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  247. [247]

    Adam J, Le Stang N, Rouquette I et al.. “Multicenter harmonization study for PD-L1 IHC testing in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 29351573 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  248. [248]

    Haratani K, Hayashi H, Tanaka T et al.. “Tumor immune microenvironment and nivolumab efficacy in EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer based on T790M status after disease progression during EGFR-TKI treatment.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2017). PMID: 28407039 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  249. [249]

    Devarakonda S, Rotolo F, Tsao MS et al.. “Tumor Mutation Burden as a Biomarker in Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2018). PMID: 30106638 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  250. [250]

    Lau SK, Boutros PC, Pintilie M et al.. “Three-gene prognostic classifier for early-stage non small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2007). PMID: 18065728 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  251. [251]

    Rudin CM, Liu W, Desai A et al.. “Pharmacogenomic and pharmacokinetic determinants of erlotinib toxicity.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18309947 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  252. [252]

    Kim HT, Lee JE, Shin ES et al.. “Effect of BRCA1 haplotype on survival of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 19018088 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  253. [253]

    Leidner RS, Fu P, Clifford B et al.. “Genetic abnormalities of the EGFR pathway in African American Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19786660 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  254. [254]

    Bai H, Wang Z, Chen K et al.. “Influence of chemotherapy on EGFR mutation status among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2012). PMID: 22826274 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  255. [255]

    Wong KK. “HKI-272 in non small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2007). PMID: 17671147 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  256. [256]

    Meador CB, Micheel CM, Levy MA et al.. “Beyond histology: translating tumor genotypes into clinically effective targeted therapies.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2014). PMID: 24599935 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  257. [257]

    Wang H, Ma K, Shan M et al.. “Assessing the genetic estimates of the association between plasma caffeine and cancer risk through Mendelian randomization.” European journal of nutrition (2025). PMID: 40186783 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  258. [258]

    Matsubara T, Sakamoto T, Takahama T et al.. “Gene testing and prognosis in post-operative recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer: subgroup analyses of WJOG15421L.” ESMO open (2026). PMID: 41922144 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  259. [259]

    O'Byrne KJ, Gatzemeier U, Bondarenko I et al.. “Molecular biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2011). PMID: 21782507 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  260. [260]

    Citarella F, Venanzi FM, Di Giovanni G et al.. “Family history enrichment in Non-Small cell Lung Cancer: A cross-sectional - prospective study to inform referral for germline testing.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 41764946 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  261. [261]

    Agrawal A, Chitikela SD, Rastogi A et al.. “Germline Variants in Indian Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Familial Aggregation: A Prospective Cohort Study.” Clinical lung cancer (2025). PMID: 41270309 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  262. [262]

    Aggarwal C, Thompson JC, Black TA et al.. “Clinical Implications of Plasma-Based Genotyping With the Delivery of Personalized Therapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2019). PMID: 30325992 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  263. [263]

    . “New Driver Mutations Detected in NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2016). PMID: 27297549 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  264. [264]

    . “Broad Genomic Testing in NSCLC: No Survival Benefit?” Cancer discovery (2018). PMID: 30171013 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  265. [265]

    Wang C, Dai J, Qin N et al.. “Analyses of rare predisposing variants of lung cancer in 6,004 whole genomes in Chinese.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 36113475 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  266. [266]

    Nassar AH, Adib E, Abou Alaiwi S et al.. “Ancestry-driven recalibration of tumor mutational burden and disparate clinical outcomes in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 36179682 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  267. [267]

    Gariazzo E, Colamartini F, Ubaldi M et al.. “Emerging Predictive Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Sensitivity in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” ImmunoTargets and therapy (2026). PMID: 41878015 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  268. [268]

    Fukuizumi A, Seike M. “Genetic and molecular mechanisms in lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia.” International journal of clinical oncology (2026). PMID: 41572062 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  269. [269]

    Castañeda-González JP, Parra-Medina R, Riess JW et al.. “Genetic Ancestry and Lung Cancer in Latin American Patients: A Crucial Step for Understanding a Diverse Population.” Clinical lung cancer (2025). PMID: 40221250 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  270. [270]

    Izatt L. “Genomic testing for RET in the clinic: UK and global perspective.” Endocrine-related cancer (2025). PMID: 40138217 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  271. [271]

    Chandora K, Chandora A, Saeed A et al.. “Adoptive T Cell Therapy Targeting MAGE-A4.” Cancers (2025). PMID: 39941782 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  272. [272]

    Clifton-Bligh RJ. “Mechanisms of resistance to RET-directed therapies.” Endocrine-related cancer (2025). PMID: 39655713 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  273. [273]

    Guan S, Chen X, Wei Y et al.. “Germline USP36 Mutation Confers Resistance to EGFR-TKIs by Upregulating MLLT3 Expression in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38261467 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition, Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  274. [274]

    Choudhury NJ, Schoenfeld AJ, Flynn J et al.. “Response to Standard Therapies and Comprehensive Genomic Analysis for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 33685865 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  275. [275]

    Riely GJ, Yu HA. “EGFR: The Paradigm of an Oncogene-Driven Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2015). PMID: 25979928 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  276. [276]

    Frank R, Scheffler M, Merkelbach-Bruse S et al.. “Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of KEAP1- and NFE2L2-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC).” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 29615460 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  277. [277]

    Luo J, Martucci VL, Quandt Z et al.. “Immunotherapy-Mediated Thyroid Dysfunction: Genetic Risk and Impact on Outcomes with PD-1 Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 34244291 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Genetics and Hereditary Predisposition
  278. [278]

    Tang H, Wang S, Xiao G et al.. “Comprehensive evaluation of published gene expression prognostic signatures for biomarker-based lung cancer clinical studies.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2017). PMID: 28200038 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  279. [279]

    Grossman SA, Ellsworth S, Campian J et al.. “Survival in Patients With Severe Lymphopenia Following Treatment With Radiation and Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Solid Tumors.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2015). PMID: 26483062 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Special Populations
  280. [280]

    Chiappori AA, Kolevska T, Spigel DR et al.. “A randomized phase II study of the telomerase inhibitor imetelstat as maintenance therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2014). PMID: 25467017 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  281. [281]

    Coudert B, Ciuleanu T, Park K et al.. “Survival benefit with erlotinib maintenance therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to response to first-line chemotherapy.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2011). PMID: 21610154 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  282. [282]

    Weiss GJ, Rosell R, Fossella F et al.. “The impact of induction chemotherapy on the outcome of second-line therapy with pemetrexed or docetaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2007). PMID: 17322539 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  283. [283]

    Syrigos KN, Vansteenkiste J, Parikh P et al.. “Prognostic and predictive factors in a randomized phase III trial comparing cisplatin-pemetrexed versus cisplatin-gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19828561 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  284. [284]

    Agustoni F, Suda K, Yu H et al.. “EGFR-directed monoclonal antibodies in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated review of clinical trials and new perspectives in biomarkers analysis.” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 30445271 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  285. [285]

    Ahn MJ, Tanaka K, Paz-Ares L et al.. “Datopotamab Deruxtecan Versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Randomized, Open-Label Phase III TROPION-Lung01 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39250535 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  286. [286]

    Paz-Ares LG, Juan-Vidal O, Mountzios GS et al.. “Sacituzumab Govitecan Versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Randomized, Open-Label Phase III EVOKE-01 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38843511 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Special Populations
  287. [287]

    Socinski MA, Bondarenko I, Karaseva NA et al.. “Weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus solvent-based paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: final results of a phase III trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2012). PMID: 22547591 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  288. [288]

    Scagliotti GV, Parikh P, von Pawel J et al.. “Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus gemcitabine with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18506025 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  289. [289]

    Yang JT, Wijetunga NA, Pentsova E et al.. “Randomized Phase II Trial of Proton Craniospinal Irradiation Versus Photon Involved-Field Radiotherapy for Patients With Solid Tumor Leptomeningeal Metastasis.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35802849 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  290. [290]

    Strauss GM, Herndon JE, Maddaus MA et al.. “Adjuvant paclitaxel plus carboplatin compared with observation in stage IB non-small-cell lung cancer: CALGB 9633 with the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18809614 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  291. [291]

    Scagliotti GV, Parikh P, von Pawel J et al.. “Phase III Study Comparing Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine With Cisplatin Plus Pemetrexed in Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Advanced-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37146426 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  292. [292]

    Herbst RS, Majem M, Barlesi F et al.. “COAST: An Open-Label, Phase II, Multidrug Platform Study of Durvalumab Alone or in Combination With Oleclumab or Monalizumab in Patients With Unresectable, Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35452273 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  293. [293]

    Kong FS, Hu C, Pryma DA et al.. “Primary Results of NRG-RTOG1106/ECOG-ACRIN 6697: A Randomized Phase II Trial of Individualized Adaptive (chemo)Radiotherapy Using Midtreatment 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39365957 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging
  294. [294]

    Rossi G, Barcellini L, Tagliamento M et al.. “Immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC: neoadjuvant/perioperative followed by surgery over surgery followed by adjuvant. Systematic review and meta-analysis with subgroup analyses.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40913837 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview
  295. [295]

    Siciliano MA, Caridà G, Ciliberto D et al.. “Efficacy and safety of first-line checkpoint inhibitors-based treatments for non-oncogene-addicted non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35427835 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation
  296. [296]

    Di Federico A, Stumpo S, Mantuano F et al.. “Long-term overall survival with dual CTLA-4 and PD-L1 or PD-1 blockade and biomarker-based subgroup analyses in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and reconstructed individual patient data meta-analysis.” The Lancet. Oncology (2025). PMID: 41038207 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  297. [297]

    Horn L. “Advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2014). PMID: 24853212 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation, Management Overview
  298. [298]

    Carbone DP, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M et al.. “Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: final, 6-year outcomes from CheckMate 9LA.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40446626 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  299. [299]

    Peters S, Oliner KS, L'Hernault A et al.. “Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in combination with chemotherapy in first-line metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: outcomes by tumor mutational burden in POSEIDON.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40334315 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  300. [300]

    Reck M, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M et al.. “First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with two cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (four cycles) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 9LA 2-year update.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34607285 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  301. [301]

    Paz-Ares L, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M et al.. “First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 9LA): an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 33476593 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  302. [302]

    O'Brien M, Paz-Ares L, Marreaud S et al.. “Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy for completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091): an interim analysis of a randomised, triple-blind, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2022). PMID: 36108662 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  303. [303]

    Özgüroğlu M, Kilickap S, Sezer A et al.. “First-line cemiplimab monotherapy and continued cemiplimab beyond progression plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with PD-L1 50% or more (EMPOWER-Lung 1): 35-month follow-up from a mutlicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2023). PMID: 37591293 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  304. [304]

    Leal T, Kotecha R, Ramlau R et al.. “Tumor Treating Fields therapy with standard systemic therapy versus standard systemic therapy alone in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer following progression on or after platinum-based therapy (LUNAR): a randomised, open-label, pivotal phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2023). PMID: 37657460 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  305. [305]

    Le Pechoux C, Pourel N, Barlesi F et al.. “Postoperative radiotherapy versus no postoperative radiotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer and proven mediastinal N2 involvement (Lung ART): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 34919827 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  306. [306]

    Bradley JD, Paulus R, Komaki R et al.. “Standard-dose versus high-dose conformal radiotherapy with concurrent and consolidation carboplatin plus paclitaxel with or without cetuximab for patients with stage IIIA or IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (RTOG 0617): a randomised, two-by-two factorial phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 25601342 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  307. [307]

    Zhou C, Wang Z, Sun M et al.. “Sugemalimab versus placebo, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, as first-line treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (GEMSTONE-302): 4-year outcomes from a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2025). PMID: 40523368 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  308. [308]

    Zhong H, Wang J, Yang R et al.. “Benmelstobart plus anlotinib versus pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CAMPASS): a blinded, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2026). PMID: 41825453 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  309. [309]

    Camidge DR, Barlesi F, Goldman JW et al.. “Phase Ib Study of Telisotuzumab Vedotin in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With c-Met Protein-Expressing Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 36288547 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  310. [310]

    Steuer CE, Behera M, Ernani V et al.. “Comparison of Concurrent Use of Thoracic Radiation With Either Carboplatin-Paclitaxel or Cisplatin-Etoposide for Patients With Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.” JAMA oncology (2017). PMID: 27978552 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  311. [311]

    Yang JT, Yerramilli D, Pentsova E et al.. “Proton Craniospinal Irradiation for Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2025). PMID: 40906462 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  312. [312]

    Skinner H, Hu C, Tsakiridis T et al.. “Addition of Metformin to Concurrent Chemoradiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The NRG-LU001 Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34323922 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  313. [313]

    Movsas B, Hu C, Sloan J et al.. “Quality of Life Analysis of a Radiation Dose-Escalation Study of Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0617 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 26606200 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging
  314. [314]

    Hotta K, Saeki S, Yamaguchi M et al.. “Gefitinib induction followed by chemoradiotherapy in EGFR-mutant, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: LOGIK0902/OLCSG0905 phase II study.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34153652 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  315. [315]

    Chang JY, Mehran RJ, Feng L et al.. “Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (revised STARS): long-term results of a single-arm, prospective trial with prespecified comparison to surgery.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 34529930 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  316. [316]

    Wu YL, Guarneri V, Voon PJ et al.. “Tepotinib plus osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer with MET amplification following progression on first-line osimertinib (INSIGHT 2): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 39089305 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  317. [317]

    Heinzerling JH, Mileham KF, Robinson MM et al.. “Primary lung tumour stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by concurrent mediastinal chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 39615497 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  318. [318]

    Hyman DM, Puzanov I, Subbiah V et al.. “Vemurafenib in Multiple Nonmelanoma Cancers with BRAF V600 Mutations.” The New England journal of medicine (2015). PMID: 26287849 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  319. [319]

    Baras AS, Naidoo J, Hann CL et al.. “Rediagnosis of Lung Cancer as NUT Midline Carcinoma Based on Clues From Tumor Genomic Profiling.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 29752320 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  320. [320]

    Peters S, Reck M, Smit EF et al.. “How to make the best use of immunotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 30912805 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  321. [321]

    De Maio E, Tibaldi C, D'Incecco A et al.. “Consequences of targeted treatments for second-line therapy.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20943621 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  322. [322]

    Armstrong AJ, Dietz H, Balli D et al.. “LRP1b Loss Predicts Sensitivity to Immunotherapy in Patients with NSCLC: An Analysis of the Phase III CheckMate-026 Randomized Trial.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 41065506 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  323. [323]

    Passaro A, Jänne PA, Peters S. “Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Lung Cancer: Recent Advances and Implementing Strategies.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37224424 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  324. [324]

    Horn L. “Targeted/emerging therapies for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2015). PMID: 25995428 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation
  325. [325]

    Nardi EA, Sun CL, Robert F et al.. “Lung Cancer in Nonelderly Patients: Facility and Patient Characteristics Associated With Not Receiving Treatment.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2019). PMID: 31390587 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation, Special Populations
  326. [326]

    Gentzler RD, Patel JD. “Optimal first-line and maintenance treatments for advanced-stage nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2014). PMID: 24925199 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  327. [327]

    Qin A, Zhao S, Miah A et al.. “Bone Metastases, Skeletal-Related Events, and Survival in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2021). PMID: 33878726 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  328. [328]

    Wang X, Long JB, Rothen J et al.. “A Taxonomy for Assessing Real-World Targeted Cancer Therapy Options in the Context of Broad Genomic Profiling.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2026). PMID: 41698347 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  329. [329]

    Camidge DR, Morgensztern D, Heist RS et al.. “Phase I Study of 2- or 3-Week Dosing of Telisotuzumab Vedotin, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met, Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 34426443 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  330. [330]

    Corvaja C, Passaro A, Attili I et al.. “Advancements in fourth-generation EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC: Bridging biological insights and therapeutic development.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 39366135 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview
  331. [331]

    Fennell DA, Summers Y, Cadranel J et al.. “Cisplatin in the modern era: The backbone of first-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2016). PMID: 26866673 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, History and Evolution of Treatment
  332. [332]

    Scagliotti GV, Bironzo P, Vansteenkiste JF. “Addressing the unmet need in lung cancer: The potential of immuno-oncology.” Cancer treatment reviews (2015). PMID: 25936526 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  333. [333]

    Califano R, Abidin A, Tariq NU et al.. “Beyond EGFR and ALK inhibition: unravelling and exploiting novel genetic alterations in advanced non small-cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2015). PMID: 25842168 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  334. [334]

    Esteban E, Casillas M, Cassinello A. “Pemetrexed in first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2009). PMID: 19269106 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Staging
  335. [335]

    Remon J, Morán T, Majem M et al.. “Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a new era begins.” Cancer treatment reviews (2013). PMID: 23829935 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  336. [336]

    Geukes Foppen MH, Rozeman EA, van Wilpe S et al.. “Immune checkpoint inhibition-related colitis: symptoms, endoscopic features, histology and response to management.” ESMO open (2018). PMID: 29387476 ↗

    L4REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation
  337. [337]

    Oser MG, Niederst MJ, Sequist LV et al.. “Transformation from non-small-cell lung cancer to small-cell lung cancer: molecular drivers and cells of origin.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 25846096 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  338. [338]

    Pao W, Girard N. “New driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer.” The Lancet. Oncology (2011). PMID: 21277552 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  339. [339]

    Mao W, Tang Z, Chen Y et al.. “Antibody-based regimens targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and VEGF/VEGFR in advanced or metastatic NSCLC: a meta-analysis of RCTs.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42344916 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview
  340. [340]

    Li S, He T, Chen J et al.. “Effect of histology on the efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42317330 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  341. [341]

    Pedder H, Manzano CL, Claxton L et al.. “Treatments for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a pathways pilot with systematic review, evidence synthesis and economic model.” Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) (2026). PMID: 42246395 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  342. [342]

    Meng A, Yuile A, Sim HW et al.. “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Tumour Mutation Burden on Survival Outcomes in Solid Tumours.” Cancer medicine (2026). PMID: 42041198 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  343. [343]

    Di Federico A, Hong L, Elkrief A et al.. “Lung adenocarcinomas with mucinous histology: clinical, genomic, and immune microenvironment characterization and outcomes to immunotherapy-based treatments and KRASG12C inhibitors.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39637943 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  344. [344]

    Borghaei H, Ciuleanu TE, Lee JS et al.. “Long-term survival with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 36414192 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  345. [345]

    Choi CM, Yang SC, Jo HJ et al.. “Proteins involved in DNA damage response pathways and survival of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2012). PMID: 22317771 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  346. [346]

    Cappuzzo F, Tallini G, Finocchiaro G et al.. “Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) expression and survival in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19767315 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  347. [347]

    Kerr KM, Dafni U, Schulze K et al.. “Prevalence and clinical association of gene mutations through multiplex mutation testing in patients with NSCLC: results from the ETOP Lungscape Project.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 29186353 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging
  348. [348]

    Pignon JP, Tribodet H, Scagliotti GV et al.. “Lung adjuvant cisplatin evaluation: a pooled analysis by the LACE Collaborative Group.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18506026 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  349. [349]

    Salama AKS, Li S, Macrae ER et al.. “Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Patients With Tumors With BRAFV600E Mutations: Results of the NCI-MATCH Trial Subprotocol H.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32758030 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  350. [350]

    Sandler A. “Bevacizumab in non small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2007). PMID: 17671151 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  351. [351]

    Martinez P, Peters S, Stammers T et al.. “Immunotherapy for the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 30642913 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  352. [352]

    Hanrahan EO, Heymach JV. “Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors vandetanib (ZD6474) and AZD2171 in lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2007). PMID: 17671152 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  353. [353]

    Girard N, Galland-Girodet S, Avrillon V et al.. “Lorlatinib for advanced ROS1+ non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the IFCT-1803 LORLATU study.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35227966 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation
  354. [354]

    Hofman P, Calabrese F, Kern I et al.. “Real-world EGFR testing practices for non-small-cell lung cancer by thoracic pathology laboratories across Europe.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37713929 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  355. [355]

    Girard N, Bar J, Baas P et al.. “Real-world 5-year outcomes with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in unresectable stage III NSCLC.” ESMO open (2026). PMID: 41643268 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  356. [356]

    Molinier O, Besse B, Barlesi F et al.. “IFCT-1502 CLINIVO: real-world evidence of long-term survival with nivolumab in a nationwide cohort of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34953398 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  357. [357]

    Grieve S, Ding K, Moore J et al.. “Immunohistochemical validation study of 15-gene biomarker panel predictive of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of JBR.10.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 32220948 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  358. [358]

    Pinto JA, Vallejos CS, Raez LE et al.. “Gender and outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer: an old prognostic variable comes back for targeted therapy and immunotherapy?” ESMO open (2018). PMID: 29682332 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  359. [359]

    Thomas QD, Quantin X, Lemercier P et al.. “Clinical characteristic and survival outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC according to KRAS mutational status in the French real-life ESME cohort.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38833966 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  360. [360]

    Zheng Z, Chen T, Li X et al.. “DNA synthesis and repair genes RRM1 and ERCC1 in lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2007). PMID: 17314339 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  361. [361]

    Chen HY, Yu SL, Chen CH et al.. “A five-gene signature and clinical outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2007). PMID: 17202451 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging
  362. [362]

    Wang G, Karunakaran M, K S et al.. “Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in distant metastasis staging of non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis.” Medicine (2026). PMID: 42116286 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  363. [363]

    Chen CL, Chen QQ, Pan LL et al.. “Efficacy and safety of sintilimab combined with histology-specific chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC: a real-world retrospective study.” Frontiers in pharmacology (2026). PMID: 42367283 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  364. [364]

    Ferrara R, Mezquita L, Texier M et al.. “Hyperprogressive Disease in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors or With Single-Agent Chemotherapy.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 30193240 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  365. [365]

    Kitai H, Ebi H, Tomida S et al.. “Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Defines Feedback Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Induced by MEK Inhibition in KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2016). PMID: 27154822 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  366. [366]

    Salcher S, Sturm G, Horvath L et al.. “High-resolution single-cell atlas reveals diversity and plasticity of tissue-resident neutrophils in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 36368318 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview
  367. [367]

    Kurppa KJ, Liu Y, To C et al.. “Treatment-Induced Tumor Dormancy through YAP-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Apoptotic Pathway.” Cancer cell (2020). PMID: 31935369 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  368. [368]

    Zhou BB, Peyton M, He B et al.. “Targeting ADAM-mediated ligand cleavage to inhibit HER3 and EGFR pathways in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2006). PMID: 16843264 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  369. [369]

    Firestone R, Cardonick E. “Genotype-directed therapy for non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: A pooled analysis of seven cases from the Cancer and Pregnancy Registry with maternal and neonatal outcomes and review of the literature.” Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica (2026). PMID: 42423550 ↗

    L4REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Clinical Presentation
  370. [370]

    Rosas D, Desai J, Raez L. “Therapeutic Advances in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations: From Molecular Biology to Targeted Therapy.” International journal of molecular sciences (2026). PMID: 42123300 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  371. [371]

    Lingard A, Dacic S. “Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer.” Surgical pathology clinics (2026). PMID: 42091274 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  372. [372]

    Roșu SM, Biciușcă V, Stan SI et al.. “Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: From Histopathological Classification to Precision Oncology-A Narrative Review.” Journal of clinical medicine (2026). PMID: 42074842 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  373. [373]

    Canaslan K, Başbınar Y, Öztop İ. “From G12C To pan-RAS: The expanding therapeutic landscape of KRAS-mutant NSCLC.” Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (2026). PMID: 42031346 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  374. [374]

    Elma B, Kumbasar HZ, Dogan I et al.. “Prognostic Factors and Survival in Surgically Treated Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.” Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) (2026). PMID: 42346216 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging, Management Overview
  375. [375]

    Kotake M, Watanabe S, Sakai Y et al.. “Clinical Factors Associated With Non-Completion of Durvalumab Maintenance Therapy After Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.” Thoracic cancer (2026). PMID: 42316436 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  376. [376]

    Stoleriu MG, Steinestel K, Grimmer M et al.. “Tumor stage, squamous histology and male sex predict positive resection margins in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing anatomical resection-a retrospective study from a high-volume thoracic surgery unit.” Journal of thoracic disease (2026). PMID: 42306763 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  377. [377]

    Shi R, Radulovich N, Ng C et al.. “Organoid Cultures as Preclinical Models of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 31694835 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  378. [378]

    Oh S, Koh J, Kim TM et al.. “Transcriptomic Heterogeneity of EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Toward Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 39150541 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  379. [379]

    Soria JC, Marabelle A, Brahmer JR et al.. “Immune checkpoint modulation for non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2015). PMID: 25979932 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  380. [380]

    Negrao MV, Paula AG, Molkentine D et al.. “Impact of Co-mutations and Transcriptional Signatures in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Adagrasib in the KRYSTAL-1 Trial.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39804166 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  381. [381]

    Pecci F, Thummalapalli R, Alden SL et al.. “Factors Associated with Disease Progression after Discontinuation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Immune-Related Toxicity in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40247431 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  382. [382]

    Ricciuti B, Elkrief A, Alessi J et al.. “Clinicopathologic, Genomic, and Immunophenotypic Landscape of ATM Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37097610 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  383. [383]

    Gray JE, Neal JW, Patel JD et al.. “First-Line Sacituzumab Govitecan Plus Pembrolizumab and Carboplatin in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Nonsquamous and Squamous Cohorts of the EVOKE-02 Study.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2026). PMID: 41961582 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  384. [384]

    Morikawa T, Dotsu Y, Torigoe K et al.. “Cisplatin re-challenge following recovery from carboplatin-induced, biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis in a 57-year-old patient with squamous-transformed non-small cell lung cancer: a case report.” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42433252 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  385. [385]

    Compagno S, Di Federico A, De Giglio A et al.. “Case Report: The "atoll sign": a case series on an unusual radiological pattern of immune-mediated pneumonitis.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42382749 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology, Imaging, Management Overview
  386. [386]

    Wang Y, Dong W, Qin J. “Fatal AA-like bone marrow failure and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after long-term pembrolizumab in squamous NSCLC: a case report.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42112399 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  387. [387]

    Li S, Bao L, Zhou D et al.. “EML4-ALK in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies.” Technology in cancer research & treatment (2026). PMID: 42360451 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Histopathology and Molecular Biology
  388. [388]

    Riely GJ, Wood DE, Ettinger DS et al.. “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 4.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2024). PMID: 38754467 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  389. [389]

    Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Aisner DL et al.. “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2022). PMID: 35545176 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Clinical Presentation, Management Overview
  390. [390]

    Riely GJ, Wood DE, Aisner DL et al.. “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 4.2026, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2026). PMID: 41956107 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  391. [391]

    Zheng MM, Xia Y, Pan K et al.. “The evolving landscape of leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC: an international, contemporary, multicenter cohort study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 41125209 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  392. [392]

    Soon YY, Stockler MR, Askie LM et al.. “Duration of chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19470938 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Clinical Presentation
  393. [393]

    Vitale A, De Paolis E, Russo J et al.. “Complete Response to Lorlatinib in Lung Adenocarcinoma With EML4-ALK Fusion Variant (E6;A18): Case Report and Literature Review.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 41061727 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  394. [394]

    Greer JA, Post KE, Chabria R et al.. “Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Brief Behavioral Intervention for Dyspnea in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39088766 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Staging
  395. [395]

    Yajima S, Hirose K, Masuda H. “Diagnostic utility of urinary cell-free DNA in non-urothelial cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis, & network meta-analysis.” Cancer treatment reviews (2025). PMID: 41242178 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  396. [396]

    Peters S, Bexelius C, Munk V et al.. “The impact of brain metastasis on quality of life, resource utilization and survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2016). PMID: 27019457 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Clinical Presentation
  397. [397]

    Catania C, Liu SV, Garassino M et al.. “Correlation between treatments and outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer that transitioned into small-cell lung cancer: an international retrospective study.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40561657 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  398. [398]

    Temel JS, Abernethy AP, Currow DC et al.. “Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials.” The Lancet. Oncology (2016). PMID: 26906526 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment
  399. [399]

    Bendixen M, Jørgensen OD, Kronborg C et al.. “Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2016). PMID: 27160473 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  400. [400]

    Belani CP, Brodowicz T, Ciuleanu TE et al.. “Quality of life in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer given maintenance treatment with pemetrexed versus placebo (H3E-MC-JMEN): results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2012). PMID: 22336221 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  401. [401]

    Groarke JD, Crawford J, Collins SM et al.. “Ponsegromab for the Treatment of Cancer Cachexia.” The New England journal of medicine (2024). PMID: 39282907 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  402. [402]

    Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A et al.. “Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2010). PMID: 20818875 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  403. [403]

    Provencio M, Nadal E, González-Larriba JL et al.. “Perioperative Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2023). PMID: 37379158 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Staging
  404. [404]

    Park K, Haura EB, Leighl NB et al.. “Amivantamab in EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progressing on Platinum Chemotherapy: Initial Results From the CHRYSALIS Phase I Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2021). PMID: 34339292 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  405. [405]

    Ou SI, Jänne PA, Leal TA et al.. “First-in-Human Phase I/IB Dose-Finding Study of Adagrasib (MRTX849) in Patients With Advanced KRASG12C Solid Tumors (KRYSTAL-1).” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35167329 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  406. [406]

    Brahmer JR, Drake CG, Wollner I et al.. “Phase I study of single-agent anti-programmed death-1 (MDX-1106) in refractory solid tumors: safety, clinical activity, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20516446 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  407. [407]

    Arrieta O, Cárdenas-Fernández D, Rodriguez-Mayoral O et al.. “Mirtazapine as Appetite Stimulant in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Anorexia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38206631 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  408. [408]

    Iyengar P, Wardak Z, Gerber DE et al.. “Consolidative Radiotherapy for Limited Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 28973074 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  409. [409]

    Gensheimer MF, Gee H, Shirato H et al.. “Individualized Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Lung Tumors: The iSABR Phase 2 Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 37707820 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  410. [410]

    Stratigos AJ, Sekulic A, Peris K et al.. “Cemiplimab in locally advanced basal cell carcinoma after hedgehog inhibitor therapy: an open-label, multi-centre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 34000246 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  411. [411]

    Pabst KM, Weber MM, Laschinsky C et al.. “[68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET accuracy for cancer imaging with histopathology validation: a single-centre, single-arm, interventional, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2025). PMID: 40774265 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation, Imaging
  412. [412]

    Lakhani NJ, Chow LQM, Gainor JF et al.. “Evorpacept alone and in combination with pembrolizumab or trastuzumab in patients with advanced solid tumours (ASPEN-01): a first-in-human, open-label, multicentre, phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 34793719 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  413. [413]

    Shaw AT, Gandhi L, Gadgeel S et al.. “Alectinib in ALK-positive, crizotinib-resistant, non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-group, multicentre, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 26708155 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  414. [414]

    Gulley JL, Rajan A, Spigel DR et al.. “Avelumab for patients with previously treated metastatic or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer (JAVELIN Solid Tumor): dose-expansion cohort of a multicentre, open-label, phase 1b trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2017). PMID: 28373005 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  415. [415]

    Garassino MC, Cho BC, Kim JH et al.. “Durvalumab as third-line or later treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (ATLANTIC): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2018). PMID: 29545095 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  416. [416]

    Le X, Kim TM, Loong HH et al.. “Sevabertinib in Advanced HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 41104928 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging
  417. [417]

    Schram AM, Goto K, Kim DW et al.. “Efficacy of Zenocutuzumab in NRG1 Fusion-Positive Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 39908431 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  418. [418]

    Shaw AT, Ou SH, Bang YJ et al.. “Crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2014). PMID: 25264305 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  419. [419]

    Paik PK, Felip E, Veillon R et al.. “Tepotinib in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations.” The New England journal of medicine (2020). PMID: 32469185 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  420. [420]

    Wolf J, Seto T, Han JY et al.. “Capmatinib in MET Exon 14-Mutated or MET-Amplified Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2020). PMID: 32877583 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  421. [421]

    Rosenzweig KE, Gomez JE. “Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2016). PMID: 27870565 ↗

    L5CASE_REPORTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  422. [422]

    Sun L, Marmarelis ME, Aggarwal C. “Management of Patients With EGFR Exon 20-Mutant Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40053885 ↗

    L5CASE_REPORTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  423. [423]

    Vansteenkiste J, Dooms C, De Leyn P. “Early stage non-small-cell lung cancer: challenges in staging and adjuvant treatment: evidence-based staging.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20943613 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation, Imaging, Staging
  424. [424]

    De Ruysscher D, Faivre-Finn C, Nackaerts K et al.. “Recommendation for supportive care in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2020). PMID: 31912794 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  425. [425]

    Palma DA, Bahig H, Hope A et al.. “Stereotactic Radiation Therapy in Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Disease: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38451491 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  426. [426]

    Lurain K. “Treating Cancer in People With HIV.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37267514 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  427. [427]

    Dunne EG, Fick CN, Jones DR. “Mediastinal Staging in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Saying Goodbye to Mediastinoscopy.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37267507 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation, Imaging
  428. [428]

    Passaro A, Attili I, de Marinis F. “Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Immunotherapy in Early-Stage Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35714306 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  429. [429]

    Piper Vallillo AJ, Viray H, Feldman J et al.. “Management of Treatment Resistance in Patients With Advanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Lung Cancer: Personalization, Parsimony, and Partnership.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38412397 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  430. [430]

    Hidalgo-Filho CM, Santo V, Gariazzo E et al.. “Overcoming Primary and Acquired Resistance to Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Emerging Strategies.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2026). PMID: 42172565 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  431. [431]

    Arrato NA, Lo SB, Coker CA et al.. “Cancer Treatment During COVID-19: Resilience of Individuals With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Versus Community Controls.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2022). PMID: 35130505 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  432. [432]

    Parisi C, Abdayem P, Tagliamento M et al.. “Neoadjuvant immunotherapy strategies for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Current evidence among special populations and future perspectives.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 39442290 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  433. [433]

    Wood SL, Pernemalm M, Crosbie PA et al.. “The role of the tumor-microenvironment in lung cancer-metastasis and its relationship to potential therapeutic targets.” Cancer treatment reviews (2013). PMID: 24176790 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  434. [434]

    Saigí M, Carcereny E, Morán T et al.. “Biological and clinical perspectives of the actionable gene fusions and amplifications involving tyrosine kinase receptors in lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2022). PMID: 35777135 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  435. [435]

    Minuti G, Pasqualini G, Avancini A et al.. “Bone metastases in NSCLC: Modern paradigms in management and supportive care.” Cancer treatment reviews (2025). PMID: 41273991 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  436. [436]

    Galetta D, Rossi A, Pisconti S et al.. “Maintenance or non-maintenance therapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: that is the question.” Cancer treatment reviews (2010). PMID: 21129607 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  437. [437]

    Dorta-Suárez M, de Miguel M, Amor-Carro O et al.. “The state of the art of EGFR exon 20 insertions in non-small cell lung cancer: Diagnosis and future perspectives.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 38281403 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  438. [438]

    McCusker MG, Russo A, Scilla KA et al.. “How I treat ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2019). PMID: 31423342 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  439. [439]

    Cheng H, Perez-Soler R. “Leptomeningeal metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer.” The Lancet. Oncology (2018). PMID: 29304362 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  440. [440]

    Cataldo VD, Gibbons DL, Pérez-Soler R et al.. “Treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer with erlotinib or gefitinib.” The New England journal of medicine (2011). PMID: 21388312 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  441. [441]

    Vathiotis I, Banerjee A, Sen U et al.. “Histologic Transformation in Cancer: The Path for Clinical Translation.” Cancer discovery (2025). PMID: 40904097 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  442. [442]

    Wilcox JA, Jeng MY, Tischfield S et al.. “Identifying the genomic landscape of EGFR-mutant lung cancers with central nervous system metastases.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40532851 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  443. [443]

    Ricciuti B, Scalera S, Wang X et al.. “DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations and PD-(L)1 blockade efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40541864 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  444. [444]

    Kerr KM, Bubendorf L, Edelman MJ et al.. “Second ESMO consensus conference on lung cancer: pathology and molecular biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2014). PMID: 24718890 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  445. [445]

    Wang J, Yu X, Leaw S et al.. “Prognostic associations between patient-reported outcomes and overall survival among patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer: results from the RATIONALE-307 trial.” Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation (2026). PMID: 42319531 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  446. [446]

    Ozcan G, Singh M, Vredenburgh JJ. “Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Current Landscape of Treatments.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 35972437 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  447. [447]

    Sasaki T, Jänne PA. “New strategies for treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2011). PMID: 22010214 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  448. [448]

    Skoulidis F, Papadimitrakopoulou VA. “Targeting the Gatekeeper: Osimertinib in EGFR T790M Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27821604 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  449. [449]

    Mamolo C, Holt T, Castro Sanchez AY. “Cough, dyspnea, or chest pain? an examination of the composite endpoint in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer clinical trials.” Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation (2026). PMID: 42319550 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  450. [450]

    Huang S, Yang X, Zhao X et al.. “Endostar combined with PD-1 blockade, radiotherapy, GM-CSF, and IL-2 (PRaG 2.0E) for refractory non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm, phase II clinical trial (PRaG2.0E Study Protocol).” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42291342 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Clinical Presentation
  451. [451]

    Ishii T, Watanabe T, Ichinose Y et al.. “Prognostic outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy in postoperative patients with cancer undergoing hemodialysis versus non-hemodialysis patients: a retrospective nationwide cohort study.” BMC cancer (2026). PMID: 42321691 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  452. [452]

    Lin YJ, He MY, Xie Y et al.. “Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid human epididymis protein 4 for leptomeningeal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study.” BMC cancer (2026). PMID: 42271303 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Clinical Presentation
  453. [453]

    Galavotti MB, Pecorari A, Mainini C et al.. “Integrating Exercise and Education into Lung Cancer Care: Results from the OVER-CRF Pilot Study on Cancer-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life.” Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) (2026). PMID: 42346213 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  454. [454]

    Gosney JR, Paz-Ares L, Jänne P et al.. “Pathologist-initiated reflex testing for biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer: expert consensus on the rationale and considerations for implementation.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37356358 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  455. [455]

    Borgers JSW, van Schijndel AW, van Thienen JV et al.. “Clinical presentation of cardiac symptoms following treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: diagnostic challenges and lessons learned.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38364453 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  456. [456]

    Zerdes I, Kamali C, Koulouris A et al.. “Validation of the ALK-Brain Prognostic Index for patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer and brain metastases.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37988952 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  457. [457]

    You Y, Yang M, Chen Z et al.. “Neoadjuvant PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma achieving pathological complete response: a case report and literature review.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42367792 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Clinical Presentation, Special Populations
  458. [458]

    Theelen WSME, Peulen HMU, Lalezari F et al.. “Effect of Pembrolizumab After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Pembrolizumab Alone on Tumor Response in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the PEMBRO-RT Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2019). PMID: 31294749 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  459. [459]

    Mezquita L, Auclin E, Ferrara R et al.. “Association of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 29327044 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  460. [460]

    Rousseau A, Foulon S, Planchard D et al.. “Outcomes and Treatments of Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Pembrolizumab.” JAMA oncology (2026). PMID: 41954917 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  461. [461]

    Wei X, Blaj C, Ali Al-Radhawi M et al.. “Abrogation of Oncogenic RAS Signaling by a RAS(ON) Inhibitor Doublet Primes Immune-Refractory KRASG12C-Mutant NSCLC for Immune Checkpoint Blockade.” Cancer discovery (2026). PMID: 41670434 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  462. [462]

    Karsli-Uzunbas G, Guo JY, Price S et al.. “Autophagy is required for glucose homeostasis and lung tumor maintenance.” Cancer discovery (2014). PMID: 24875857 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  463. [463]

    Montesion M, Murugesan K, Jin DX et al.. “Somatic HLA Class I Loss Is a Widespread Mechanism of Immune Evasion Which Refines the Use of Tumor Mutational Burden as a Biomarker of Checkpoint Inhibitor Response.” Cancer discovery (2020). PMID: 33127846 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  464. [464]

    Memon D, Schoenfeld AJ, Ye D et al.. “Clinical and molecular features of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 38215748 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Management Overview
  465. [465]

    Chen K, Yang F, Shen H et al.. “Individualized tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA analysis for postoperative monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2023). PMID: 37683638 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Imaging, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Management Overview
  466. [466]

    Weeden CE, Gayevskiy V, Marceaux C et al.. “Early immune pressure initiated by tissue-resident memory T cells sculpts tumor evolution in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2023). PMID: 37086716 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, History and Evolution of Treatment
  467. [467]

    Herbrich S, Chaib M, Anandhan S et al.. “TET2-mutant clonal hematopoiesis enhances macrophage antigen presentation and improves immune checkpoint therapy in solid tumors.” Cancer cell (2025). PMID: 41106379 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  468. [468]

    Wang L, Liu Y, Zhao W et al.. “Chinese Expert Consensus on Radiotherapy Combined with Immunotherapy for Unresectable Lung Cancer (2026 Edition).” Cancer letters (2026). PMID: 42413815 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  469. [469]

    Ehab A, Benabdallah N, Darwiche K. “Molecular Analysis of EBUS-TBNA Samples for Nodal Staging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancers (2026). PMID: 42279379 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Clinical Presentation
  470. [470]

    Jiang T, Jin Q, Wang J et al.. “HLA-I Evolutionary Divergence Confers Response to PD-1 Blockade plus Chemotherapy in Untreated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37449971 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  471. [471]

    Cortellini A, D'Alessio A, Cleary S et al.. “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Efficacy Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37125965 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  472. [472]

    Murray JC, Sivapalan L, Hummelink K et al.. “Elucidating the Heterogeneity of Immunotherapy Response and Immune-Related Toxicities by Longitudinal ctDNA and Immune Cell Compartment Tracking in Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 37939140 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  473. [473]

    Bhatt AS, Schabath MB, Hoogland AI et al.. “Patient-Reported Outcomes as Interradiographic Predictors of Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37233986 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  474. [474]

    Tomasich E, Steindl A, Paiato C et al.. “Frequent Overexpression of HER3 in Brain Metastases from Breast and Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37036472 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  475. [475]

    Dercle L, Fronheiser M, Lu L et al.. “Identification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Sensitive to Systemic Cancer Therapies Using Radiomics.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32198149 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation, Imaging
  476. [476]

    Gariazzo E, Elkrief A, Concannon K et al.. “Clinical outcomes and predictors of response to PD-(L)1 blockade in patients with NSCLC without actionable genomic alterations who never used tobacco.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2026). PMID: 42149140 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  477. [477]

    Gao Y, Päivinen P, Tripathi S et al.. “Inactivation of AMPK Leads to Attenuation of Antigen Presentation and Immune Evasion in Lung Adenocarcinoma.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 34667030 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Clinical Presentation
  478. [478]

    Eberhardt WE, De Ruysscher D, Weder W et al.. “2nd ESMO Consensus Conference in Lung Cancer: locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25897013 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging
  479. [479]

    de Marinis F, Kim TM, Bonanno L et al.. “Savolitinib plus osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer with MET overexpression and/or amplification following disease progression on osimertinib: primary results from the phase II SAVANNAH study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40461383 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  480. [480]

    Azzoli CG, Baker S, Temin S et al.. “American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline update on chemotherapy for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2009). PMID: 19917871 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  481. [481]

    Meric-Bernstam F, Makker V, Oaknin A et al.. “Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors: Primary Results From the DESTINY-PanTumor02 Phase II Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37870536 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  482. [482]

    Garon EB, Hellmann MD, Rizvi NA et al.. “Five-Year Overall Survival for Patients With Advanced Non‒Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Pembrolizumab: Results From the Phase I KEYNOTE-001 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31154919 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  483. [483]

    Heist RS, Guarino MJ, Masters G et al.. “Therapy of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With an SN-38-Anti-Trop-2 Drug Conjugate, Sacituzumab Govitecan.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2017). PMID: 28548889 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  484. [484]

    Eberhard DA, Giaccone G, Johnson BE. “Biomarkers of response to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Working Group: standardization for use in the clinical trial setting.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18281673 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  485. [485]

    Simon G, Sharma A, Li X et al.. “Feasibility and efficacy of molecular analysis-directed individualized therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2007). PMID: 17602079 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  486. [486]

    Lim SM, Kim HR, Lee JS et al.. “Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase II Study of Ceritinib in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring ROS1 Rearrangement.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2017). PMID: 28520527 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  487. [487]

    Cho BC, Abreu DR, Hussein M et al.. “Tiragolumab plus atezolizumab versus placebo plus atezolizumab as a first-line treatment for PD-L1-selected non-small-cell lung cancer (CITYSCAPE): primary and follow-up analyses of a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2022). PMID: 35576957 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  488. [488]

    Cappuzzo F, Ciuleanu T, Stelmakh L et al.. “Erlotinib as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2010). PMID: 20493771 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  489. [489]

    Galffy G, Lugowska I, Poddubskaya EV et al.. “A phase II open-label trial of avelumab plus axitinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer or treatment-naïve, cisplatin-ineligible urothelial cancer.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37141847 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  490. [490]

    Smit EF, Felip E, Uprety D et al.. “Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (DESTINY-Lung01): primary results of the HER2-overexpressing cohorts from a single-arm, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 38547891 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  491. [491]

    Tendler S, Dunphy MP, Agee M et al.. “Imaging with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-SC16.56 anti-DLL3 antibody in patients with high-grade neuroendocrine tumours of the lung and prostate: a phase 1/2, first-in-human trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 38950555 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging
  492. [492]

    Forde PM, Chaft JE, Smith KN et al.. “Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade in Resectable Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2018). PMID: 29658848 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  493. [493]

    Hayashi H, Takiguchi Y, Minami H et al.. “Site-Specific and Targeted Therapy Based on Molecular Profiling by Next-Generation Sequencing for Cancer of Unknown Primary Site: A Nonrandomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2020). PMID: 33057591 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  494. [494]

    Rolfo C, O'Brate A, Menzel C et al.. “Liquid and Tissue Biopsies for Identifying MET Exon 14 Skipping NSCLC: Analyses from the Phase II VISION Study of Tepotinib.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40310449 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  495. [495]

    Gerber DE, Putnam WC, Fattah FJ et al.. “Concentration-dependent Early Antivascular and Antitumor Effects of Itraconazole in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32847935 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging
  496. [496]

    Gray JE, Saltos A, Tanvetyanon T et al.. “Phase I/Ib Study of Pembrolizumab Plus Vorinostat in Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 31409616 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  497. [497]

    Goldman JW, Noor ZS, Remon J et al.. “Are liquid biopsies a surrogate for tissue EGFR testing?” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 29462257 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  498. [498]

    Thomas A, Rajan A, Lopez-Chavez A et al.. “From targets to targeted therapies and molecular profiling in non-small cell lung carcinoma.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2012). PMID: 23131389 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  499. [499]

    Hofman P, Heeke S, Alix-Panabières C et al.. “Liquid biopsy in the era of immuno-oncology: is it ready for prime-time use for cancer patients?” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31228184 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  500. [500]

    Kougioumtzi A, Ntellas P, Papadopoulou E et al.. “Molecular findings reveal possible resistance mechanisms in a patient with ALK-rearranged lung cancer: a case report and literature review.” ESMO open (2019). PMID: 31749991 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  501. [501]

    Büttner R, Gosney JR, Skov BG et al.. “Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry Testing: A Review of Analytical Assays and Clinical Implementation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2017). PMID: 29053400 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  502. [502]

    Facchinetti F, Rossi G, Bria E et al.. “Oncogene addiction in non-small cell lung cancer: Focus on ROS1 inhibition.” Cancer treatment reviews (2017). PMID: 28342334 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  503. [503]

    Remon J, Pignataro D, Novello S et al.. “Current treatment and future challenges in ROS1- and ALK-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2021). PMID: 33743408 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  504. [504]

    Baldotto C, Mascarenhas E, Gelatti ACZ et al.. “Staging Modalities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Evidence-Based Guideline and Systematic Review by the Brazilian Group of Thoracic Oncology.” Clinical lung cancer (2026). PMID: 42114171 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  505. [505]

    Kudo Y, Haymaker C, Zhang J et al.. “Suppressed immune microenvironment and repertoire in brain metastases from patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31282941 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  506. [506]

    Wang H, Agulnik J, Kasymjanova G et al.. “Cytology cell blocks are suitable for immunohistochemical testing for PD-L1 in lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 29659668 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  507. [507]

    Michels J, Adam J, Goubar A et al.. “Negative prognostic value of high levels of intracellular poly(ADP-ribose) in non-small cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2015). PMID: 26387143 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  508. [508]

    Zucali PA, Ruiz MG, Giovannetti E et al.. “Role of cMET expression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18467317 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  509. [509]

    Paz-Ares L, Spira A, Raben D et al.. “Outcomes with durvalumab by tumour PD-L1 expression in unresectable, stage III non-small-cell lung cancer in the PACIFIC trial.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32209338 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  510. [510]

    Di Liello R, Ciaramella V, Barra G et al.. “Ex vivo lung cancer spheroids resemble treatment response of a patient with NSCLC to chemotherapy and immunotherapy: case report and translational study.” ESMO open (2019). PMID: 31555484 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  511. [511]

    Ricciuti B, Lamberti G, Puchala SR et al.. “Genomic and Immunophenotypic Landscape of Acquired Resistance to PD-(L)1 Blockade in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38207230 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  512. [512]

    Dieu-Nosjean MC, Antoine M, Danel C et al.. “Long-term survival for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with intratumoral lymphoid structures.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18802153 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  513. [513]

    Swanton C, Futreal A, Eisen T. “Her2-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2006). PMID: 16857814 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  514. [514]

    Lilenbaum RC. “The evolving role of cetuximab in non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2006). PMID: 16857823 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  515. [515]

    Dziadziuszko R, Hirsch FR, Varella-Garcia M et al.. “Selecting lung cancer patients for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization--why, when, and how?” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2006). PMID: 16857819 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  516. [516]

    Johnson BE, Jänne PA. “Rationale for a phase II trial of pertuzumab, a HER-2 dimerization inhibitor, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2006). PMID: 16857824 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  517. [517]

    Klempner SJ, Gershenhorn B, Tran P et al.. “BRAFV600E Mutations in High-Grade Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumors May Predict Responsiveness to BRAF-MEK Combination Therapy.” Cancer discovery (2016). PMID: 27048246 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Imaging
  518. [518]

    Mi J, Huang Z, Zhang R et al.. “Molecular characterization and clinical outcomes in EGFR-mutant de novo MET-overexpressed advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34953403 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  519. [519]

    Malapelle U, Nasirova F, Wang A et al.. “Liquid biopsy and tissue biopsy for the detection of EGFR mutations in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: an observational real-world study.” ESMO open (2026). PMID: 41483627 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging
  520. [520]

    König D, Savic Prince S, Hayoz S et al.. “Neoadjuvant treatment does not influence PD-L1 expression in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of tumor samples from the trials SAKK 16/96, 16/00, 16/01, and 16/14.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37441877 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  521. [521]

    Xu Y, Li J, Tong B et al.. “Positive tumour CD47 expression is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence in resected non-small cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 32830120 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  522. [522]

    Igarashi T, Teramoto K, Ishida M et al.. “Scoring of PD-L1 expression intensity on pulmonary adenocarcinomas and the correlations with clinicopathological factors.” ESMO open (2016). PMID: 27843633 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  523. [523]

    McLaughlin J, Han G, Schalper KA et al.. “Quantitative Assessment of the Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 26562159 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  524. [524]

    Rimm DL, Han G, Taube JM et al.. “A Prospective, Multi-institutional, Pathologist-Based Assessment of 4 Immunohistochemistry Assays for PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2017). PMID: 28278348 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  525. [525]

    Moding EJ, Shahrokh Esfahani M, Jin C et al.. “Integrating ctDNA Analysis and Radiomics for Dynamic Risk Assessment in Localized Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2025). PMID: 40299851 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  526. [526]

    Li Z, Lu S. “Integrating minimal residual disease monitoring into clinical practice for NSCLC: Is the era upon us?” Cancer cell (2023). PMID: 37816330 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  527. [527]

    Richani Meinhardt FW, Zambrano Iglesias MI, Fernández Gómez MP et al.. “HER2 Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).” International journal of molecular sciences (2026). PMID: 42278436 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  528. [528]

    Zhang JT, Lin BX, Zhao XG et al.. “Circulating tumor DNA analysis in lung cancer: from molecular origins to analytical boundaries.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42217421 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  529. [529]

    Jiang Y, Wang N, Zeng Q et al.. “From Variant to Biomarker in NSCLC Immunotherapy Resistance: Multiomics Evidence Chains and Accountable AI Integration.” Human mutation (2026). PMID: 42181742 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  530. [530]

    Lin JJ, Choudhury NJ, Yoda S et al.. “Spectrum of Mechanisms of Resistance to Crizotinib and Lorlatinib in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 33685866 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Management Overview, Special Populations
  531. [531]

    Suvilesh KN, Manjunath Y, Nussbaum YI et al.. “Targeting AKR1B10 by Drug Repurposing with Epalrestat Overcomes Chemoresistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 39017606 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Management Overview
  532. [532]

    Ho M, Bera TK, Willingham MC et al.. “Mesothelin expression in human lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2007). PMID: 17332303 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  533. [533]

    García-Peláez B, Jordana-Ariza N, Aguilar-Hernández A et al.. “Characterization of a rare EGFR resistance mutation in a lung cancer patient with a long response to osimertinib: case report.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42308572 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  534. [534]

    Ikezawa Y, Shinomiya Y, Hatanaka KC et al.. “Pathological and molecular characterization of a four-component combined small cell lung carcinoma: a case report.” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42291336 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  535. [535]

    He W, Tang Y, Li Y et al.. “Case Report: Neuroendocrine-marker-negative high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma mimicking squamous cell carcinoma: an underrecognized diagnostic pitfall.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42183205 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  536. [536]

    Yamada H, Komohara Y, Koga T et al.. “A lung squamous cell carcinoma demonstrating spontaneous partial regression of the primary tumor with lymph node metastasis: a case report with analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment.” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42170295 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  537. [537]

    Kim KM, Kim JH, Chung MJ. “Clonal relationship in a rare pulmonary mixed tumor: shared ALK fusion in atypical carcinoid and adenocarcinoma-a case report.” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42170278 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  538. [538]

    Feng S, Feng Z, Xie S et al.. “Plasma proteomics predicts pathological complete response and reveals LIF as a potential mediator of resistance to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable NSCLC.” Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2026). PMID: 42425715 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  539. [539]

    Wei Q, Wang Y, Hou T et al.. “Genomic Landscape and Clinical Impact of MTAP Loss in Driver-Positive NSCLC: Insights from a Large-Scale Real-World Chinese Cohort.” Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (2026). PMID: 42409117 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  540. [540]

    Tan J, Liu Y, Wang B et al.. “An IHC-derived TLS-CD8-macrophage immune niche score predicts major pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable NSCLC.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42404907 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Biopsy and Histologic Diagnosis
  541. [541]

    Jazieh AR, Bamefleh H, Demirkazik A et al.. “Modification and implementation of NCCN guidelines on non-small cell lung cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2010). PMID: 20697125 ↗

    L5GUIDELINECited in: Imaging, Staging
  542. [542]

    Park K, Vansteenkiste J, Lee KH et al.. “Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with locally-advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: a KSMO-ESMO initiative endorsed by CSCO, ISMPO, JSMO, MOS, SSO and TOS.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31959336 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Imaging
  543. [543]

    Vansteenkiste J, Crinò L, Dooms C et al.. “2nd ESMO Consensus Conference on Lung Cancer: early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer consensus on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2014). PMID: 24562446 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Imaging, Staging
  544. [544]

    Daly ME, Singh N, Ismaila N et al.. “Management of Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ASCO Guideline.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2021). PMID: 34936470 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Imaging, Management Overview
  545. [545]

    Felip E, Altorki N, Zhou C et al.. “Overall survival with adjuvant atezolizumab after chemotherapy in resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase III trial.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37467930 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  546. [546]

    Gadgeel S, Peters S, Mok T et al.. “Alectinib versus crizotinib in treatment-naive anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer: CNS efficacy results from the ALEX study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 30215676 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging
  547. [547]

    Stinchcombe TE, Wang X, Damman B et al.. “Secondary Analysis of the Rate of Second Primary Lung Cancer From Cancer and Leukemia Group B 140503 (Alliance) Trial of Lobar Versus Sublobar Resection for T1aN0 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38215351 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging
  548. [548]

    Dingemans AC, de Langen AJ, van den Boogaart V et al.. “First-line erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study including molecular imaging.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20702788 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Imaging
  549. [549]

    Bollineni VR, Wiegman EM, Pruim J et al.. “Hypoxia imaging using Positron Emission Tomography in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for radiotherapy.” Cancer treatment reviews (2012). PMID: 22560366 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Imaging
  550. [550]

    Vera P, Thureau S, Le Tinier F et al.. “Adaptive radiotherapy (up to 74 Gy) or standard radiotherapy (66 Gy) for patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer, according to [18F]FDG-PET tumour residual uptake at 42 Gy (RTEP7-IFCT-1402): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 39134086 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging
  551. [551]

    Nestle U, Schimek-Jasch T, Kremp S et al.. “Imaging-based target volume reduction in chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (PET-Plan): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2020). PMID: 32171429 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging
  552. [552]

    Wakelee HA, Dahlberg SE, Keller SM et al.. “Adjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer (E1505): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2017). PMID: 29129443 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging
  553. [553]

    Wu YL, Dziadziuszko R, Ahn JS et al.. “Alectinib in Resected ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2024). PMID: 38598794 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Imaging
  554. [554]

    Pennell NA, Neal JW, Chaft JE et al.. “SELECT: A Phase II Trial of Adjuvant Erlotinib in Patients With Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2018). PMID: 30444685 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Imaging
  555. [555]

    Oxnard GR, Zhao B, Sima CS et al.. “Variability of lung tumor measurements on repeat computed tomography scans taken within 15 minutes.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2011). PMID: 21730273 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Imaging
  556. [556]

    Wu TC, Luterstein E, Neilsen BK et al.. “Accelerated Hypofractionated Chemoradiation Followed by Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Boost for Locally Advanced, Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38206614 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Imaging
  557. [557]

    Shiovitz S, Eaton KD. “A 66-year-old woman with newly diagnosed oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2012). PMID: 22393191 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Imaging
  558. [558]

    Kong FM, Ten Haken RK, Schipper M et al.. “Effect of Midtreatment PET/CT-Adapted Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2017). PMID: 28570742 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Imaging
  559. [559]

    Chang JY, Verma V, Li M et al.. “Proton Beam Radiotherapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Final Results of a Phase 2 Study.” JAMA oncology (2017). PMID: 28727865 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Imaging
  560. [560]

    Van der Veldt AA, Lubberink M, Bahce I et al.. “Rapid decrease in delivery of chemotherapy to tumors after anti-VEGF therapy: implications for scheduling of anti-angiogenic drugs.” Cancer cell (2012). PMID: 22264790 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Imaging, Special Populations
  561. [561]

    Kalemkerian GP, Gadgeel SM. “Modern staging of small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2013). PMID: 23307985 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  562. [562]

    Frumm SM, Florez N, Lee JM et al.. “Updates on the Perioperative Management of Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2026). PMID: 41911908 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Imaging
  563. [563]

    Hong JC, Boyer MJ, Spiegel DY et al.. “Increasing PET Use in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Survival Improvement and Stage Migration in the VA Central Cancer Registry.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2019). PMID: 30787126 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  564. [564]

    Chen D, Mao Y, Wen J et al.. “Impact of the Extent of Lymph Node Dissection on Precise Staging and Survival in Clinical I-II Pure-Solid Lung Cancer Undergoing Lobectomy.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2021). PMID: 33508774 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  565. [565]

    Podoloff DA, Advani RH, Allred C et al.. “NCCN task force report: positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanning in cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2007). PMID: 17509259 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging
  566. [566]

    Rusthoven CG, Doebele RC. “Management of Brain Metastases in ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2016). PMID: 27298405 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Imaging
  567. [567]

    Call S, Botana-Rial M, Cordovilla R et al.. “SEPAR-SECT Recommendations for Perioperative Invasive Mediastinal Staging of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.” Archivos de bronconeumologia (2026). PMID: 42276952 ↗

    L5GUIDELINECited in: Imaging, Staging
  568. [568]

    Trebeschi S, Drago SG, Birkbak NJ et al.. “Predicting response to cancer immunotherapy using noninvasive radiomic biomarkers.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 30895304 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Imaging
  569. [569]

    Kok IC, Hooiveld JS, van de Donk PP et al.. “89Zr-pembrolizumab imaging as a non-invasive approach to assess clinical response to PD-1 blockade in cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2021). PMID: 34736925 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Imaging
  570. [570]

    Benlloch S, Galbis-Caravajal JM, Alenda C et al.. “Expression of molecular markers in mediastinal nodes from resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): prognostic impact and potential role as markers of occult micrometastases.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2008). PMID: 18664559 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Imaging
  571. [571]

    Barlési F, Balleyguier C, Besse B et al.. “Inter- and intraobserver consistency in assessing eligibility for bevacizumab (BVZ) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with centrally located tumors.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20064831 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Imaging
  572. [572]

    Guevara Rodriguez N, Coreas N, Olazagasti C et al.. “Treating without guidelines: management and outcomes of lung cancer diagnosed during pregnancy - a systematic review.” Frontiers in oncology (2026). PMID: 42211511 ↗

    L4SR_OBSCited in: Imaging
  573. [573]

    Bogart JA, Waqar SN, Mix MD. “Radiation and Systemic Therapy for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985935 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Imaging, Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  574. [574]

    Liang W, Zhang L, Jiang G et al.. “Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2015). PMID: 25624438 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Imaging
  575. [575]

    Salama JK, Vokes EE. “New radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy approaches for non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23401449 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Imaging
  576. [576]

    Ryu JS, Ryu HJ, Lee SN et al.. “Prognostic impact of minimal pleural effusion in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2014). PMID: 24550423 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  577. [577]

    Akinboro O, Drezner N, Amatya A et al.. “US Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Nivolumab Plus Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy for the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Patients With Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37141544 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Imaging
  578. [578]

    Call S, Botana-Rial M, Cordovilla R et al.. “SEPAR-SECT recommendations for perioperative invasive mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer.” Cirugia espanola (2026). PMID: 42373333 ↗

    L5GUIDELINECited in: Imaging, Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  579. [579]

    Tournoy KG, Keller SM, Annema JT. “Mediastinal staging of lung cancer: novel concepts.” The Lancet. Oncology (2012). PMID: 22554550 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging
  580. [580]

    Lee B, Kim CY, Eom JS et al.. “AptoDetect™-Lung Assay as a Blood-Based Predictor of Advanced-Stage Lung Cancer in Patients with Lung-RADS 3-4 Pulmonary Nodules: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.” Biomedicines (2026). PMID: 42193340 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Imaging
  581. [581]

    Kas B, Talbot H, Ferrara R et al.. “Clarification of Definitions of Hyperprogressive Disease During Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2020). PMID: 32525513 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  582. [582]

    Smeltzer MP, Faris NR, Ray MA et al.. “Association of Pathologic Nodal Staging Quality With Survival Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Resection With Curative Intent.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 28973110 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  583. [583]

    Patnaik A, Rosen LS, Tolaney SM et al.. “Efficacy and Safety of Abemaciclib, an Inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6, for Patients with Breast Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Other Solid Tumors.” Cancer discovery (2016). PMID: 27217383 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Imaging, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  584. [584]

    Yaşar A, Yaşar ZY, Yıldırım S et al.. “Prognostic Significance of Preoperative PET-CT SUVmax in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.” Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2026). PMID: 42356017 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Imaging, Management Overview
  585. [585]

    Meng J, Wu J, Li Q. “Correlation between preoperative T-cell receptor profile characteristics and postoperative pathological stage/treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study.” BMC cancer (2026). PMID: 42210182 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Imaging
  586. [586]

    Le MN, Nguyen TM, Ngo LL et al.. “Explainable 1-mm Peritumoral CT Radiomics for EGFR Mutation Prediction in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Vietnamese Real-World Cohort Study.” Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center (2026). PMID: 42189943 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Imaging
  587. [587]

    Gainor JF, Shaw AT, Sequist LV et al.. “EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangements Are Associated with Low Response Rates to PD-1 Pathway Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27225694 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  588. [588]

    Zhao L, Pang Y, Ding Y et al.. “68Ga-NK224 PET/CT for Noninvasive Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression and Intertumor Heterogeneity: A Translational Exploratory Study.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40343815 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  589. [589]

    Liu S, Li S, Hai J et al.. “Targeting HER2 Aberrations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Osimertinib.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 29298799 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging
  590. [590]

    Girnun GD, Chen L, Silvaggi J et al.. “Regression of drug-resistant lung cancer by the combination of rosiglitazone and carboplatin.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2008). PMID: 18927287 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging
  591. [591]

    Dall'Olio FG, Zrafi W, Roelants V et al.. “Metabolic Tumor Volume Assessed by 18F FDG-PET CT Scan as a Predictive Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Blockers in Advanced NSCLC and Its Biological Correlates.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39437011 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  592. [592]

    Goldberg SB, Narayan A, Kole AJ et al.. “Early Assessment of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Response via Circulating Tumor DNA.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 29330207 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  593. [593]

    Madajewski B, Chen F, Yoo B et al.. “Molecular Engineering of Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticle-Drug Conjugates as Lung Cancer Therapeutics.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32723835 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging
  594. [594]

    Chong CR, Bahcall M, Capelletti M et al.. “Identification of Existing Drugs That Effectively Target NTRK1 and ROS1 Rearrangements in Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27370605 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Imaging
  595. [595]

    Fang W, Ma Y, Yin JC et al.. “Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Identifies Novel Genetic Predictors of Response to Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 31085721 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  596. [596]

    Kaira K, Oriuchi N, Otani Y et al.. “Fluorine-18-alpha-methyltyrosine positron emission tomography for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: a clinicopathologic study.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2007). PMID: 17975149 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  597. [597]

    Liu Y, Feng L, Yang X et al.. “Case Report: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluating a newly detected contralateral pulmonary lesion during non-small cell lung cancer chemoimmunotherapy.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42254017 ↗

    L4CASE_REPORTCited in: Imaging
  598. [598]

    Chen H, Huang G, He H et al.. “A recurrence risk prediction model and recurrence patterns in pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma based on clinical and dynamic hematologic parameters.” Translational lung cancer research (2026). PMID: 42433243 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  599. [599]

    Kiermeyer N, Lenfers T, Dada A et al.. “Large language models enable prognostic stratification of cancer patients using real-world clinical notes.” PLOS digital health (2026). PMID: 42418410 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  600. [600]

    Bharat A, Kurihara C, Chung LI et al.. “Lung Transplant for Refractory Lung-Limited Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA (2026). PMID: 42418196 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Imaging
  601. [601]

    Naeem W, Khan AA, Broad S et al.. “Survival of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Versus Adenocarcinoma in Resected Stage I-III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.” Annals of surgical oncology (2026). PMID: 42397641 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Imaging
  602. [602]

    Ettinger DS, Akerley W, Borghaei H et al.. “Non-small cell lung cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2012). PMID: 23054877 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  603. [603]

    Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Aisner DL et al.. “NCCN Guidelines Insights: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 2.2021.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2021). PMID: 33668021 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment
  604. [604]

    Ettinger DS, Aisner DL, Wood DE et al.. “NCCN Guidelines Insights: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 5.2018.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 30006423 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  605. [605]

    Felip E, Cho BC, Gutiérrez V et al.. “Amivantamab plus lazertinib versus osimertinib in first-line EGFR-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with biomarkers of high-risk disease: a secondary analysis from MARIPOSA.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38942080 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  606. [606]

    Schneider BJ, Ismaila N, Aerts J et al.. “Lung Cancer Surveillance After Definitive Curative-Intent Therapy: ASCO Guideline.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31829901 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  607. [607]

    Goto K, Goto Y, Kubo T et al.. “Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With HER2-Mutant Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Primary Results From the Randomized, Phase II DESTINY-Lung02 Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37694347 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment
  608. [608]

    Hong SD, Wang YS, Zhao HY et al.. “Izalontamab brengitecan (Iza-bren; BL-B01D1), a first-in-class EGFR-HER3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate, for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC: pooled analysis of phase I and phase II trials.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2026). PMID: 41611210 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  609. [609]

    Luo J, Wu S, Rizvi H et al.. “Deciphering radiological stable disease to immune checkpoint inhibitors.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35533926 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  610. [610]

    Heymach JV, Opdam F, Barve M et al.. “HER2-Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Zongertinib (BI 1810631), in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors With HER2 Alterations: A Phase Ia Dose-Escalation Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40030100 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  611. [611]

    Heymach JV, Ruiter G, Ahn MJ et al.. “Zongertinib in Previously Treated HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 40293180 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  612. [612]

    Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A et al.. “Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Lung Cancer with a High Tumor Mutational Burden.” The New England journal of medicine (2018). PMID: 29658845 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging
  613. [613]

    Ochsenreither S, Fiedler WM, Conte GD et al.. “Safety and preliminary activity results of the GATTO study, a phase Ib study combining the anti-TA-MUC1 antibody gatipotuzumab with the anti-EGFR tomuzotuximab in patients with refractory solid tumors.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35397434 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  614. [614]

    Solomon BJ, Besse B, Bauer TM et al.. “Lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a global phase 2 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2018). PMID: 30413378 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  615. [615]

    Ma Y, Huang Y, Zhao Y et al.. “BL-B01D1, a first-in-class EGFR-HER3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours: a first-in-human, open-label, multicentre, phase 1 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 38823410 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Special Populations
  616. [616]

    Li BT, Meric-Bernstam F, Bardia A et al.. “Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with solid tumours harbouring specific activating HER2 mutations (DESTINY-PanTumor01): an international, phase 2 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 38710187 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Special Populations
  617. [617]

    Li Z, Wang Y, Sun Y et al.. “Trastuzumab rezetecan, a HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with advanced HER2-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (HORIZON-Lung): phase 2 results from a multicentre, single-arm study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2025). PMID: 40020696 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Special Populations
  618. [618]

    Gainor JF, Curigliano G, Kim DW et al.. “Pralsetinib for RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ARROW): a multi-cohort, open-label, phase 1/2 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 34118197 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  619. [619]

    Goldberg SB, Schalper KA, Gettinger SN et al.. “Pembrolizumab for management of patients with NSCLC and brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2020). PMID: 32251621 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  620. [620]

    Planchard D, Besse B, Groen HJM et al.. “Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously treated BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, multicentre phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2016). PMID: 27283860 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging
  621. [621]

    Li BT, Smit EF, Goto Y et al.. “Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2021). PMID: 34534430 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  622. [622]

    Heymach JV, Yamamoto N, Girard N et al.. “First-Line Zongertinib in Advanced HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2026). PMID: 41985129 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  623. [623]

    Kim ES, Herbst RS, Wistuba II et al.. “The BATTLE trial: personalizing therapy for lung cancer.” Cancer discovery (2011). PMID: 22586319 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  624. [624]

    Olaussen KA, Dunant A, Fouret P et al.. “DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.” The New England journal of medicine (2006). PMID: 16957145 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  625. [625]

    Tsurutani J, Iwata H, Krop I et al.. “Targeting HER2 with Trastuzumab Deruxtecan: A Dose-Expansion, Phase I Study in Multiple Advanced Solid Tumors.” Cancer discovery (2020). PMID: 32213540 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Special Populations
  626. [626]

    Juergens RA, Wrangle J, Vendetti FP et al.. “Combination epigenetic therapy has efficacy in patients with refractory advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer discovery (2011). PMID: 22586682 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Special Populations
  627. [627]

    Robichaux JP, Elamin YY, Vijayan RSK et al.. “Pan-Cancer Landscape and Analysis of ERBB2 Mutations Identifies Poziotinib as a Clinically Active Inhibitor and Enhancer of T-DM1 Activity.” Cancer cell (2019). PMID: 31588020 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  628. [628]

    Planchard D, Cozic N, Mosele MF et al.. “Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: ICARUS-LUNG01 phase 2 study.” Cancer cell (2026). PMID: 41999747 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Special Populations
  629. [629]

    Xue J, Ma Y, Zhao Y et al.. “Izalontamab (SI-B001), a Novel EGFRxHER3 Bispecific Antibody in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Epithelial Tumor: Results from First-in-Human Phase I/Ib Study.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40260627 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  630. [630]

    Shi L, Xu C, Ma Y et al.. “Clinical significance of ERBB2 exon 16 skipping: analysis of a real-world retrospective observational cohort study.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 33214226 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  631. [631]

    Cho BC, Lim SM, Lee SH et al.. “MORPHEUS-Lung: biomarkers and clinical response to atezolizumab + bevacizumab + stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42103553 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  632. [632]

    Gubens MA. “Immunotherapies for Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2017). PMID: 28515246 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  633. [633]

    Wang X, Lee DH, Yang SC et al.. “Molecular Biomarker Testing Patterns and Turnaround Time in US Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 41072474 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Special Populations
  634. [634]

    Riely GL. “What, When, and How of Biomarker Testing in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2017). PMID: 28515244 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  635. [635]

    Akerley W. “Biomarker-Based Treatment Selection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2017). PMID: 28515245 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  636. [636]

    Reckamp KL. “Targeted Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 29784736 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  637. [637]

    Cai G, Song P, Wang Z et al.. “Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy in resectable stage IIIA-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer: integrated multidimensional biomarker analysis from a phase II study.” Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2026). PMID: 42320986 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  638. [638]

    Sanborn RE, Jensen SM, Paustian C et al.. “Novel multiplex immunofluorescence-based tumor inflammation score provides apparent predictive biomarker in a phase I/II study of pembrolizumab with gemcitabine in patients with previously-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” Oncoimmunology (2026). PMID: 42126144 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  639. [639]

    Fu F, Wu H, Deng C et al.. “Simplified perioperative serplulimab and chemotherapy for resectable squamous NSCLC: a phase II trial with biomarker analysis.” Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2026). PMID: 42114951 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  640. [640]

    Kakouri AC, Spiliotaki M, Deltas C et al.. “The Predictive Role of ctDNA and CTCs in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International journal of molecular sciences (2026). PMID: 42353230 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  641. [641]

    Wang Y, Wu S, Wei Y et al.. “Prognostic utility of circulating tumor DNA assessment in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42344896 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  642. [642]

    Xia L, Mei J, Kang R et al.. “Perioperative ctDNA-Based Molecular Residual Disease Detection for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (LUNGCA-1).” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2022). PMID: 34844976 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, Management Overview
  643. [643]

    Westover D, Zugazagoitia J, Cho BC et al.. “Mechanisms of acquired resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 29462254 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  644. [644]

    Mazieres J, Drilon A, Lusque A et al.. “Immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced lung cancer and oncogenic driver alterations: results from the IMMUNOTARGET registry.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31125062 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  645. [645]

    Gale D, Heider K, Ruiz-Valdepenas A et al.. “Residual ctDNA after treatment predicts early relapse in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35306155 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  646. [646]

    Aguilar EJ, Ricciuti B, Gainor JF et al.. “Outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and very high PD-L1 expression.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31435660 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  647. [647]

    Zimmermann S, Peters S. “Going beyond EGFR.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2012). PMID: 22987962 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  648. [648]

    Tran HT, Heeke S, Sujit S et al.. “Circulating tumor DNA and radiological tumor volume identify patients at risk for relapse with resected, early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37992871 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  649. [649]

    Gazdar AF. “Should we continue to use the term non-small-cell lung cancer?” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20943619 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  650. [650]

    Yan M, Parker BA, Schwab R et al.. “HER2 aberrations in cancer: implications for therapy.” Cancer treatment reviews (2014). PMID: 24656976 ↗

    L5CASE_REPORTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  651. [651]

    Steuer CE, Hayashi H, Su WC et al.. “Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd; MK-1022) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40554742 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  652. [652]

    Oxnard GR, Binder A, Jänne PA. “New targetable oncogenes in non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23401445 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  653. [653]

    Sadiq AA, Salgia R. “MET as a possible target for non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23401458 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  654. [654]

    Besse B, Olaussen KA, Soria JC. “ERCC1 and RRM1: ready for prime time?” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 23401439 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  655. [655]

    Roberts PJ, Stinchcombe TE, Der CJ et al.. “Personalized medicine in non-small-cell lung cancer: is KRAS a useful marker in selecting patients for epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy?” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20921461 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  656. [656]

    von Arx C, De Placido P, Caltavituro A et al.. “The evolving therapeutic landscape of trastuzumab-drug conjugates: Future perspectives beyond HER2-positive breast cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2022). PMID: 36587473 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  657. [657]

    Yu Y, Yang Y, Li H et al.. “Targeting HER2 alterations in non-small cell lung cancer: Therapeutic breakthrough and challenges.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 36738637 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  658. [658]

    Lai GGY, Guo R, Drilon A et al.. “Refining patient selection of MET-activated non-small cell lung cancer through biomarker precision.” Cancer treatment reviews (2022). PMID: 36108503 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  659. [659]

    Remon J, Hendriks LE, Cabrera C et al.. “Immunotherapy for oncogenic-driven advanced non-small cell lung cancers: Is the time ripe for a change?” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 30359792 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  660. [660]

    Macerelli M, Ganzinelli M, Gouedard C et al.. “Can the response to a platinum-based therapy be predicted by the DNA repair status in non-small cell lung cancer?” Cancer treatment reviews (2016). PMID: 27262017 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  661. [661]

    Duffy MJ, O'Donovan N, Crown J. “Use of molecular markers for predicting therapy response in cancer patients.” Cancer treatment reviews (2010). PMID: 20685042 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  662. [662]

    Ren S, Wang J, Ying J et al.. “Consensus for HER2 alterations testing in non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35149428 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  663. [663]

    Riudavets M, Sullivan I, Abdayem P et al.. “Targeting HER2 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a glimpse of hope? An updated review on therapeutic strategies in NSCLC harbouring HER2 alterations.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34479034 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  664. [664]

    Papillon-Cavanagh S, Doshi P, Dobrin R et al.. “STK11 and KEAP1 mutations as prognostic biomarkers in an observational real-world lung adenocarcinoma cohort.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 32312757 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  665. [665]

    Kirchner M, Kluck K, Brandt R et al.. “The immune microenvironment in EGFR- and ERBB2-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34487971 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  666. [666]

    Hait S, Noronha V, Chowdhury A et al.. “The impact of co-occurring tumor suppressor mutations with mEGFR as early indicators of relapse in lung cancer.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40088801 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  667. [667]

    Drilon A, Siena S, Dziadziuszko R et al.. “Entrectinib in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials.” The Lancet. Oncology (2019). PMID: 31838015 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  668. [668]

    Saw SPL, Ong BH, Chua KLM et al.. “Revisiting neoadjuvant therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.” The Lancet. Oncology (2021). PMID: 34735819 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  669. [669]

    Friboulet L, Olaussen KA, Pignon JP et al.. “ERCC1 isoform expression and DNA repair in non-small-cell lung cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2013). PMID: 23514287 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  670. [670]

    Rakaee M, Tafavvoghi M, Ricciuti B et al.. “Deep Learning Model for Predicting Immunotherapy Response in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2025). PMID: 39724105 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  671. [671]

    Haratani K, Hayashi H, Chiba Y et al.. “Association of Immune-Related Adverse Events With Nivolumab Efficacy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 28975219 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  672. [672]

    Rakaee M, Adib E, Ricciuti B et al.. “Association of Machine Learning-Based Assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes on Standard Histologic Images With Outcomes of Immunotherapy in Patients With NSCLC.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 36394839 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  673. [673]

    Malhotra J, Mambetsariev I, Gilmore G et al.. “Targeting CNS Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Evolving Approaches Using Molecular Markers: A Review.” JAMA oncology (2025). PMID: 39602134 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  674. [674]

    Sacher AG, Gandhi L. “Biomarkers for the Clinical Use of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 27310809 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  675. [675]

    Ricciuti B, Wang X, Alessi JV et al.. “Association of High Tumor Mutation Burden in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers With Increased Immune Infiltration and Improved Clinical Outcomes of PD-L1 Blockade Across PD-L1 Expression Levels.” JAMA oncology (2022). PMID: 35708671 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  676. [676]

    Sacher AG, Dahlberg SE, Heng J et al.. “Association Between Younger Age and Targetable Genomic Alterations and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 26720421 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  677. [677]

    Wilding B, Woelflingseder L, Baum A et al.. “Zongertinib (BI 1810631), an Irreversible HER2 TKI, Spares EGFR Signaling and Improves Therapeutic Response in Preclinical Models and Patients with HER2-Driven Cancers.” Cancer discovery (2025). PMID: 39248702 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  678. [678]

    Schram AM, Odintsov I, Espinosa-Cotton M et al.. “Zenocutuzumab, a HER2xHER3 Bispecific Antibody, Is Effective Therapy for Tumors Driven by NRG1 Gene Rearrangements.” Cancer discovery (2022). PMID: 35135829 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  679. [679]

    . “Chromosome Instability Drives Tumor Evolution.” Cancer discovery (2017). PMID: 28487325 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment
  680. [680]

    . “NSCLC Evolution Studies Refine Biomarkers.” Cancer discovery (2019). PMID: 31690554 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  681. [681]

    Anagnostou V, Aggarwal C. “Toward Response-Adaptive Therapy in Locally Advanced NSCLC: Integrating ctDNA and Radiomics for Risk Stratification.” Cancer discovery (2025). PMID: 40755026 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  682. [682]

    . “MRD May Predict Relapse in NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2020). PMID: 32467342 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  683. [683]

    . “FDA Gives Nod to T-DXd for HER2-Mutant NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2022). PMID: 35984233 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  684. [684]

    Rolfo C, Russo A. “HER2 Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Herculean Effort to Hit the Target.” Cancer discovery (2020). PMID: 32357968 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  685. [685]

    . “Targeting HER2 May Overtake Chemo, Immunotherapy in NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2021). PMID: 34675060 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  686. [686]

    Xu J, Wan R, Cai Y et al.. “Circulating tumor DNA-based stratification strategy for chemotherapy plus PD-1 inhibitor in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 39255777 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Special Populations
  687. [687]

    Pan Y, Zhang JT, Gao X et al.. “Dynamic circulating tumor DNA during chemoradiotherapy predicts clinical outcomes for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.” Cancer cell (2023). PMID: 37816331 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  688. [688]

    Best MG, Sol N, In 't Veld SGJG et al.. “Swarm Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Tumor-Educated Platelets.” Cancer cell (2017). PMID: 28810146 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Special Populations
  689. [689]

    Guerra SL, Maertens O, Kuzmickas R et al.. “A Deregulated HOX Gene Axis Confers an Epigenetic Vulnerability in KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancers.” Cancer cell (2020). PMID: 32243838 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  690. [690]

    Liu SY, Feng WN, Wu YL. “Immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC: Answering the question or questioning the answer?” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 38701791 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, History and Evolution of Treatment
  691. [691]

    Murakami S, Hiroshima Y, Katakura S et al.. “Clinical Utility of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.” Thoracic cancer (2026). PMID: 42227590 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  692. [692]

    Zhang L, Li W, Wang Y et al.. “Clinical determinants and biomarkers for predicting chemotherapeutic response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a single-center retrospective study.” Immunotherapy (2026). PMID: 42117665 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  693. [693]

    Sam I, Ben Hamouda N, Alkatrib M et al.. “The CD70-CD27 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: Predictive Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40388162 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview
  694. [694]

    Trontzas IP, He M, Wurtz A et al.. “Quantitative Protein Expression of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets in EGFR Mutated and Wild-type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40047548 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Management Overview, Special Populations
  695. [695]

    Stewart CA, Diao L, Xi Y et al.. “YAP1 Status Defines Two Intrinsic Subtypes of LCNEC with Distinct Molecular Features and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 39150543 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  696. [696]

    Suzuki K, Kachala SS, Kadota K et al.. “Prognostic immune markers in non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2011). PMID: 21659461 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  697. [697]

    John F, Ruge L, Verheyen M et al.. “Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring KRAS G12V Mutations.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2026). PMID: 41417462 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  698. [698]

    Zhang JT, Liu SY, Gao X et al.. “Follow-up Analysis Enhances Understanding of Molecular Residual Disease in Localized Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39853318 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  699. [699]

    Pine SR. “Rethinking Gamma-secretase Inhibitors for Treatment of Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer: Is Notch the Target?” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 30104200 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  700. [700]

    Hirsch FR. “Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Where Are the Target and the Biomarker?” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40293370 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  701. [701]

    Gainor JF, Longo DL, Chabner BA. “Pharmacodynamic biomarkers: falling short of the mark?” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2014). PMID: 24831281 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  702. [702]

    Zhang X, Wu H, Zhao W et al.. “Integrated genomic and immunophenotypic profiling reveals monoclonal origin, smoking-driven evolution and heterogeneous microenvironment in pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42375369 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  703. [703]

    Querzoli G, Bogina G, Marconi M et al.. “HLA-G expression in non-small cell lung cancer: prognostic significance and interplay with PD-L1 and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42367769 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  704. [704]

    Mahmud S, Dwyer Orr L, Cline M et al.. “Biomarker testing patterns among patients newly diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer.” The oncologist (2026). PMID: 42366674 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  705. [705]

    Kim MR, Lau J, Maffezzoli M et al.. “Engineering the Future of ADCs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Oncology research (2026). PMID: 42358829 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  706. [706]

    Liu YW, Lee YK, Chang KF et al.. “Integrative Analysis of Glycosylation-Related Genes Reveals Prognostic Subtypes, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma.” Oncology research (2026). PMID: 42358820 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers
  707. [707]

    Reuss JE, Kuruvilla S, Ismaila N et al.. “Therapy for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2025.1.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40674661 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Staging
  708. [708]

    Owen DH, Halmos B, Puri S et al.. “Therapy for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2025.1.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40674687 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Staging
  709. [709]

    Aupérin A, Le Péchoux C, Rolland E et al.. “Meta-analysis of concomitant versus sequential radiochemotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2010). PMID: 20351327 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Staging
  710. [710]

    Bortolot M, Cortiula F, Fasola G et al.. “Treatment of unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer for patients who are under-represented in clinical trials.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 38972134 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  711. [711]

    Herbst RS, Wu YL, John T et al.. “Adjuvant Osimertinib for Resected EGFR-Mutated Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Results From the Phase III Randomized ADAURA Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 36720083 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  712. [712]

    Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG et al.. “Updated Analysis of KEYNOTE-024: Pembrolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score of 50% or Greater.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2019). PMID: 30620668 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  713. [713]

    Felip E, Altorki N, Zhou C et al.. “Five-Year Survival Outcomes With Atezolizumab After Chemotherapy in Resected Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (IMpower010): An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase III Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40446184 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  714. [714]

    Bradley JD, Hu C, Komaki RR et al.. “Long-Term Results of NRG Oncology RTOG 0617: Standard- Versus High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Cetuximab for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2019). PMID: 31841363 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  715. [715]

    Bradley JD, Sugawara S, Lee KH et al.. “Simultaneous Durvalumab and Platinum-Based Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III PACIFIC-2 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 41082707 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  716. [716]

    Patel JD, Socinski MA, Garon EB et al.. “PointBreak: a randomized phase III study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin and bevacizumab followed by maintenance pemetrexed and bevacizumab versus paclitaxel plus carboplatin and bevacizumab followed by maintenance bevacizumab in patients with stage IIIB or IV nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2013). PMID: 24145346 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  717. [717]

    Hoffner B, Leighl NB, Davies M. “Toxicity management with combination chemotherapy and programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitor therapy in advanced lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2020). PMID: 32078962 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Staging
  718. [718]

    Huang TC, Campbell TC. “Comparison of weekly versus every 3 weeks paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced solid tumors: a meta-analysis.” Cancer treatment reviews (2011). PMID: 22155063 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Staging
  719. [719]

    Muthusamy B, Patil PD, Pennell NA. “Perioperative Systemic Therapy for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2022). PMID: 35948038 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  720. [720]

    Iyengar P, Timmerman RD. “Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: rationale and outcomes.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2012). PMID: 23221789 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  721. [721]

    Martins RG, D'Amico TA, Loo BW et al.. “The management of patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer with N2 mediastinal node involvement.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2012). PMID: 22570291 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  722. [722]

    Yue D, Huang M, Song P et al.. “Ensartinib in Resected ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2026). PMID: 42418775 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  723. [723]

    Wang J, Lu S, Yu X et al.. “Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: final analysis of the randomized, phase III RATIONALE-307 trial.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 39461775 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  724. [724]

    Lu S, Wang J, Yu Y et al.. “Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (final analysis of RATIONALE-304: a randomized phase III trial).” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 39461773 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  725. [725]

    Camerini A, Morabito A, Montanino A et al.. “Metronomic oral vinorelbine in previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients unfit for platinum-based chemotherapy: results of the randomized phase II Tempo Lung trial.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 33611164 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  726. [726]

    Garon EB, Scagliotti GV, Gautschi O et al.. “Exploratory analysis of front-line therapies in REVEL: a randomised phase 3 study of ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus docetaxel for the treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 31958290 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Staging
  727. [727]

    Yang JC, Sequist LV, Geater SL et al.. “Clinical activity of afatinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring uncommon EGFR mutations: a combined post-hoc analysis of LUX-Lung 2, LUX-Lung 3, and LUX-Lung 6.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 26051236 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  728. [728]

    Planchard D, Smit EF, Groen HJM et al.. “Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously untreated BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2017). PMID: 28919011 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  729. [729]

    Chang JY, Senan S, Paul MA et al.. “Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus lobectomy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials.” The Lancet. Oncology (2015). PMID: 25981812 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment
  730. [730]

    Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G et al.. “Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study.” The Lancet. Oncology (2011). PMID: 21783417 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  731. [731]

    Forde PM, Spicer JD, Provencio M et al.. “Overall Survival with Neoadjuvant Nivolumab plus Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 40454642 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  732. [732]

    Cascone T, Awad MM, Spicer JD et al.. “Perioperative Nivolumab in Resectable Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2024). PMID: 38749033 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  733. [733]

    Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D et al.. “Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2017). PMID: 28885881 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  734. [734]

    Wu YL, Tsuboi M, He J et al.. “Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2020). PMID: 32955177 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  735. [735]

    Kenmotsu H, Yamamoto N, Yamanaka T et al.. “Randomized Phase III Study of Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin Versus Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin for Completely Resected Stage II to IIIA Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32407216 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging
  736. [736]

    Swaminath A, Parpia S, Wierzbicki M et al.. “Stereotactic vs Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Inoperable Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The LUSTRE Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 39298144 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  737. [737]

    Chun SG, Hu C, Komaki RU et al.. “Long-Term Prospective Outcomes of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Lung Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38935373 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment
  738. [738]

    Hui Z, Men Y, Hu C et al.. “Effect of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Patients With pIIIA-N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Complete Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy: The Phase 3 PORT-C Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34165501 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  739. [739]

    Lei J, Zhao J, Gong L et al.. “Neoadjuvant Camrelizumab Plus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone for Chinese Patients With Resectable Stage IIIA or IIIB (T3N2) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The TD-FOREKNOW Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 37535377 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment
  740. [740]

    Ross HJ, Kozono D, Wang XF et al.. “Atezolizumab Before and After Chemoradiation for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 39052256 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Staging
  741. [741]

    Tachihara M, Tsujino K, Ishihara T et al.. “Durvalumab Plus Concurrent Radiotherapy for Treatment of Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The DOLPHIN Phase 2 Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 37676681 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: Staging
  742. [742]

    Tsakiridis T, Pond GR, Wright J et al.. “Metformin in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The OCOG-ALMERA Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34323924 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  743. [743]

    Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A et al.. “Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and nivolumab in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NADIM): an open-label, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2020). PMID: 32979984 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging
  744. [744]

    Zhou Q, Chen M, Jiang O et al.. “Sugemalimab versus placebo after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, stage III non-small-cell lung cancer in China (GEMSTONE-301): interim results of a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2022). PMID: 35038429 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging
  745. [745]

    Bria E, Cuppone F, Ciccarese M et al.. “Weekly docetaxel as second line chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: meta-analysis of randomized trials.” Cancer treatment reviews (2006). PMID: 16919884 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Staging
  746. [746]

    Cortiula F, Reymen B, Peters S et al.. “Immunotherapy in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: state of the art and novel therapeutic approaches.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35777706 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  747. [747]

    Metro G, Cappuzzo F, Finocchiaro G et al.. “Development of gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer: the Italian contribution.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2006). PMID: 16807461 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  748. [748]

    Rossi A, Gridelli C. “Chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2006). PMID: 16608986 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  749. [749]

    De Petris L, Crinò L, Scagliotti GV et al.. “Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2006). PMID: 16608979 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  750. [750]

    Migliorino MR, De Petris L, De Santis S et al.. “Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: role of induction chemotherapy in resectable N2 disease.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2006). PMID: 16608976 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  751. [751]

    Reuss JE, Ismaila N, Ahluwalia A et al.. “Therapy for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline, 2026.3.1.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2026). PMID: 42190143 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Staging
  752. [752]

    Bazhenova L, Ismaila N, Durm G et al.. “Therapy for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline, 2026.3.1.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2026). PMID: 42190141 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Staging
  753. [753]

    Zhou Q, Pan Y, Yang X et al.. “Neoadjuvant SHR-1701 with or without chemotherapy in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: A proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial.” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 38906157 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  754. [754]

    Santos FN, Cruz MR, Riera R. “Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients.” JAMA oncology (2016). PMID: 27468123 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Staging
  755. [755]

    Kaley T, Nabors LB. “Management of Central Nervous System Tumors.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2019). PMID: 31117044 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  756. [756]

    Baine MJ, Sleightholm R, Neilsen BK et al.. “Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Nonradiotherapeutic Ablative Procedures (Laser/Cryoablation and Electrocautery) for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2019). PMID: 31085762 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Staging
  757. [757]

    Zhou X, Zhou L, Yao Z et al.. “Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Radiation and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy + Sintilimab for Treatment-Naïve Stage IV PD-L1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37581611 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging, Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  758. [758]

    Curigliano G, Gelderblom H, Mach N et al.. “Phase I/Ib Clinical Trial of Sabatolimab, an Anti-TIM-3 Antibody, Alone and in Combination with Spartalizumab, an Anti-PD-1 Antibody, in Advanced Solid Tumors.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 33883177 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging
  759. [759]

    Altan M, Lopes G, Hiltermann TJN et al.. “Safety and Tolerability of Letetresgene Autoleucel (GSK3377794): Pilot Studies in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39576208 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging
  760. [760]

    Smeenk MM, van Diessen JNA, Boellaard TN et al.. “Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab prior to Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable, Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Induction Trial.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39821070 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Staging
  761. [761]

    Tucker ZC, Laguna BA, Moon E et al.. “Adjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2012). PMID: 22226940 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  762. [762]

    Passiglia F, Bertaglia V, Reale ML et al.. “Major breakthroughs in lung cancer adjuvant treatment: Looking beyond the horizon.” Cancer treatment reviews (2021). PMID: 34757306 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  763. [763]

    Delcuratolo MD, Crespi V, Saba G et al.. “The evolving landscape of stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer "between lights and shadows".” Cancer treatment reviews (2025). PMID: 40086102 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  764. [764]

    Skrzypski M, Jassem J. “Consolidation systemic treatment after radiochemotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 29738940 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  765. [765]

    Saad ED, Adamowicz K, Katz A et al.. “Assessment of quality of life in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an overview of recent randomized trials.” Cancer treatment reviews (2012). PMID: 22445316 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  766. [766]

    Langer CJ, Mok T, Postmus PE. “Targeted agents in the third-/fourth-line treatment of patients with advanced (stage III/IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” Cancer treatment reviews (2012). PMID: 22703830 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  767. [767]

    Nguyen NP, Garland L, Welsh J et al.. “Can stereotactic fractionated radiation therapy become the standard of care for early stage non-small cell lung carcinoma.” Cancer treatment reviews (2008). PMID: 18657910 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Special Populations
  768. [768]

    Pm P, Ac D, Nm N et al.. “Revisiting patient preference in resectable and irradiable stage III NSCLC in the immunotherapy era.” Cancer treatment reviews (2026). PMID: 42025542 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  769. [769]

    Adar S, Ádám A, Balogh T et al.. “Sublobar resection, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and thermal ablation for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42202379 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Staging
  770. [770]

    Vaccaro A, Rahal Z, Kadara H et al.. “A Roadmap to Precision Immunotherapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2025). PMID: 39997992 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  771. [771]

    Stahel R, Thatcher N, Früh M et al.. “1st ESMO Consensus Conference in lung cancer; Lugano 2010: small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2011). PMID: 21727198 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Staging
  772. [772]

    Burotto M, Zvirbule Z, Alvarez R et al.. “Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of atezolizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, including early-stage, locally advanced or metastatic disease: Updated results of the IMscin001 and IMscin002 randomized studies.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42214243 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  773. [773]

    Qi WX, Li S, Wang M et al.. “Sequential chemo-immunotherapy followed by standard versus reduced thoracic radiotherapy for older and/or frail stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: A randomized open-label cohort trial.” PLoS medicine (2026). PMID: 42201929 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Staging
  774. [774]

    Ko EC, Raben D, Formenti SC. “The Integration of Radiotherapy with Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 29945993 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  775. [775]

    Govindan R, Mandrekar SJ, Gerber DE et al.. “ALCHEMIST Trials: A Golden Opportunity to Transform Outcomes in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2015). PMID: 26672084 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging, History and Evolution of Treatment
  776. [776]

    Heigener DF, Kerr KM, Laing GM et al.. “Redefining Treatment Paradigms in First-line Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2019). PMID: 30910855 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  777. [777]

    Rengan R, Maity AM, Stevenson JP et al.. “New strategies in non-small cell lung cancer: improving outcomes in chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced disease.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2011). PMID: 21576083 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  778. [778]

    McCall NS, Dicker AP, Lu B. “Beyond Concurrent Chemoradiation: The Emerging Role of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Stage III Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 29358503 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  779. [779]

    Filippi AR, Bar J, Chouaid C et al.. “Real-world outcomes with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC: interim analysis of overall survival from PACIFIC-R.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38833971 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  780. [780]

    König D, Schär S, Vuong D et al.. “Long-term outcomes of operable stage III NSCLC in the pre-immunotherapy era: results from a pooled analysis of the SAKK 16/96, SAKK 16/00, SAKK 16/01, and SAKK 16/08 trials.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35398718 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Staging
  781. [781]

    Frehner L, Schär S, Hayoz S et al.. “Sex-specific efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing neoadjuvant therapies: a pooled analysis of the SAKK trials 16/96, 16/00, 16/01, 16/08 and 16/14.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 41218384 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Staging
  782. [782]

    Schliemann A, Waldmann A, Katalinic A et al.. “Clinical characteristics and survival of small cell lung cancer with limited or extensive synchronous metastatic spread - A German population-based cancer-registry based cohort study.” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2026). PMID: 42167027 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Staging
  783. [783]

    Sun W, Lin Y, Zhou Y et al.. “Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma Carcinoma Compared With Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.” Cancer medicine (2026). PMID: 42141753 ↗

    L2COHORTCited in: Staging
  784. [784]

    Timmerman RD, Hu C, Michalski JM et al.. “Long-term Results of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Medically Inoperable Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 29852036 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  785. [785]

    Ricciuti B, Fusco F, Cooper A et al.. “Neoadjuvant PD-1 and PD-L1 Blockade With Chemotherapy for Borderline Resectable and Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2025). PMID: 40402502 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Staging, Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  786. [786]

    Shankar B, Zhang J, Naqash AR et al.. “Multisystem Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2020). PMID: 33119034 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  787. [787]

    Zhang D, Xi Y, Boffa DJ et al.. “Association of Wildfire Exposure While Recovering From Lung Cancer Surgery With Overall Survival.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 37498574 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Staging
  788. [788]

    . “Testing New Neoadjuvant Combos in NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2022). PMID: 35413108 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  789. [789]

    Cooper AJ, Yu HA. “The Promise and Limitations of Neoadjuvant Immune-Checkpoint Blockade in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2023). PMID: 37909090 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Staging
  790. [790]

    . “SBRT effective for inoperable early-stage lung cancer.” Cancer discovery (2014). PMID: 25477119 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Staging
  791. [791]

    Ishiwata T. “N1 Staging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Situation, Limitations, and the Importance of Peripheral Nodal Assessment.” Cancers (2026). PMID: 42279374 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  792. [792]

    Tajè R, Gallina FT, Spicer JD. “STAGE II NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: UPFRONT SURGERY OR NEOADJUVANT CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY.” The Annals of thoracic surgery (2026). PMID: 42264017 ↗

    L1REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  793. [793]

    Alkathiri O, Liberman M. “State-of-the-Art Mediastinal Staging in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Integration of Combined Endosonographic Techniques with Updated IASLC TNM 9th Classification.” Cancers (2026). PMID: 42193023 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  794. [794]

    Orenes-Piñero E, Ros-Martínez S, Alonso-Romero JL et al.. “Immunoscore and beyond: evolution and clinical integration of immune contexture-based biomarkers across solid tumours.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42183189 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Staging
  795. [795]

    Maitland ML, Sachdev JC, Sharma MR et al.. “First-in-Human Study of PF-06647020 (Cofetuzumab Pelidotin), an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7, in Advanced Solid Tumors.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 34083232 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Staging, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  796. [796]

    Mack PC, Redman MW, Tukachinsky H et al.. “Elevated ctDNA Tumor Fraction Is Associated with Improved Mutation Detection but Worse Overall Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Lung-MAP Study.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40465842 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Staging
  797. [797]

    Riely GJ, Wood DE, Aisner DL et al.. “NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 7.2025.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025). PMID: 40930154 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  798. [798]

    Ettinger DS, Akerley W, Borghaei H et al.. “Non-small cell lung cancer, version 2.2013.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2013). PMID: 23744864 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  799. [799]

    Mosele MF, Westphalen CB, Stenzinger A et al.. “Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with advanced cancer in 2024: a report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38834388 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  800. [800]

    Mok T, Camidge DR, Gadgeel SM et al.. “Updated overall survival and final progression-free survival data for patients with treatment-naive advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer in the ALEX study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2020). PMID: 32418886 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  801. [801]

    Felip E, Rojas CI, Schenker M et al.. “Subcutaneous versus intravenous pembrolizumab, in combination with chemotherapy, for treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the phase III 3475A-D77 trial.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40157574 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  802. [802]

    Solomon BJ, Liu G, Felip E et al.. “Lorlatinib Versus Crizotinib in Patients With Advanced ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: 5-Year Outcomes From the Phase III CROWN Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38819031 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  803. [803]

    Novello S, Kowalski DM, Luft A et al.. “Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: 5-Year Update of the Phase III KEYNOTE-407 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 36735893 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  804. [804]

    Spigel DR, Faivre-Finn C, Gray JE et al.. “Five-Year Survival Outcomes From the PACIFIC Trial: Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35108059 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  805. [805]

    He J, Tsuboi M, Weder W et al.. “Neoadjuvant Osimertinib for Resectable EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40454705 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  806. [806]

    Jänne PA, Planchard D, Kobayashi K et al.. “CNS Efficacy of Osimertinib With or Without Chemotherapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 38042525 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview
  807. [807]

    Miura S, Tanaka H, Misumi T et al.. “Pragmatic Randomized Study of Afatinib Versus Chemotherapy for Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Uncommon Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: ACHILLES/TORG1834.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40239133 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview
  808. [808]

    Borghaei H, O'Byrne KJ, Paz-Ares L et al.. “Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in first-line metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the phase III CheckMate 227 Part 2 trial.” ESMO open (2023). PMID: 37988950 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  809. [809]

    Peled N, Tufman A, Sequist LV et al.. “COMPEL: osimertinib plus platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC and progression on first-line osimertinib.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 41139117 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  810. [810]

    West H, McCleod M, Hussein M et al.. “Atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower130): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2019). PMID: 31122901 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  811. [811]

    Wakelee H, Liberman M, Kato T et al.. “Perioperative Pembrolizumab for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2023). PMID: 37272513 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  812. [812]

    Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J et al.. “Osimertinib in Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2017). PMID: 29151359 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  813. [813]

    Gandhi L, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S et al.. “Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2018). PMID: 29658856 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  814. [814]

    Paz-Ares L, Luft A, Vicente D et al.. “Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy for Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2018). PMID: 30280635 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  815. [815]

    Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG et al.. “Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2016). PMID: 27718847 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  816. [816]

    Zhou C, Tang KJ, Cho BC et al.. “Amivantamab plus Chemotherapy in NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions.” The New England journal of medicine (2023). PMID: 37870976 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview
  817. [817]

    Skoulidis F, Goldberg ME, Greenawalt DM et al.. “STK11/LKB1 Mutations and PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance in KRAS-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma.” Cancer discovery (2018). PMID: 29773717 ↗

    L3RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  818. [818]

    Passaro A, Wang J, Wang Y et al.. “Amivantamab plus chemotherapy with and without lazertinib in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC after disease progression on osimertinib: primary results from the phase III MARIPOSA-2 study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37879444 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  819. [819]

    Shaw AT, Riely GJ, Bang YJ et al.. “Crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): updated results, including overall survival, from PROFILE 1001.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2019). PMID: 30980071 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  820. [820]

    Parisi C, Mahjoubi L, Gazzah A et al.. “TROP-2 directed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs): The revolution of smart drug delivery in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 37230055 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview
  821. [821]

    Pijls-Johannesma M, Grutters JP, Lambin P et al.. “Particle therapy in lung cancer: where do we stand?” Cancer treatment reviews (2008). PMID: 18226466 ↗

    L4SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  822. [822]

    Zhao Y, He Y, Wang W et al.. “Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for individuals with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 39159630 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  823. [823]

    Pérol M, Li W, Pennell NA et al.. “Taletrectinib in ROS1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: TRUST.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2025). PMID: 40179330 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  824. [824]

    Sorin M, Prosty C, Ghaleb L et al.. “Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38512301 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  825. [825]

    Fan C, Jiang Z, Teng C et al.. “Efficacy and safety of intrathecal pemetrexed for TKI-failed leptomeningeal metastases from EGFR+ NSCLC: an expanded, single-arm, phase II clinical trial.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 38377785 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  826. [826]

    Subbiah V, Wolf J, Konda B et al.. “Tumour-agnostic efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in patients with RET fusion-positive solid tumours other than lung or thyroid tumours (LIBRETTO-001): a phase 1/2, open-label, basket trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2022). PMID: 36108661 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  827. [827]

    Wolf J, Hochmair M, Han JY et al.. “Capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: final results from the open-label, phase 2 GEOMETRY mono-1 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2024). PMID: 39362249 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  828. [828]

    Piotrowska Z, Yeap BY, Gainor JF. “Chemotherapy and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor combinations for tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant, epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 39168027 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview
  829. [829]

    Mazieres J, Paik PK, Garassino MC et al.. “Tepotinib Treatment in Patients With MET Exon 14-Skipping Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Long-term Follow-up of the VISION Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 37270698 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  830. [830]

    Gainor JF, Patel MR, Weber JS et al.. “T-cell Responses to Individualized Neoantigen Therapy mRNA-4157 (V940) Alone or in Combination with Pembrolizumab in the Phase 1 KEYNOTE-603 Study.” Cancer discovery (2024). PMID: 39115419 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  831. [831]

    Lin JJ, Horan JC, Tangpeerachaikul A et al.. “NVL-655 Is a Selective and Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor of Diverse ALK-Mutant Oncoproteins, Including Lorlatinib-Resistant Compound Mutations.” Cancer discovery (2024). PMID: 39269178 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  832. [832]

    Yun J, Lee SH, Kim SY et al.. “Antitumor Activity of Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), an EGFR-MET Bispecific Antibody, in Diverse Models of EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Driven NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2020). PMID: 32414908 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  833. [833]

    Jänne PA, Baik C, Su WC et al.. “Efficacy and Safety of Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in EGFR Inhibitor-Resistant, EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2021). PMID: 34548309 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  834. [834]

    Zhou C, Hu Y, Arkania E et al.. “A global phase 3 study of serplulimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (ASTRUM-004).” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 38181795 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  835. [835]

    Chen L, Xu X, Yang X et al.. “Effects of Telerehabilitation Based on Motion Recognition Technology on Exercise Endurance of Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Surgery: Single-Center, Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.” JMIR mHealth and uHealth (2026). PMID: 42373087 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  836. [836]

    Wong A, Riley M, Zhao S et al.. “Association Between Pretreatment Chest Imaging and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis Among Patients With Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2023). PMID: 37935100 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  837. [837]

    Reck M, Carbone DP, Garassino M et al.. “Targeting KRAS in non-small-cell lung cancer: recent progress and new approaches.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2021). PMID: 34089836 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  838. [838]

    Hallberg B, Palmer RH. “The role of the ALK receptor in cancer biology.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2016). PMID: 27573755 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  839. [839]

    Remon J, Steuer CE, Ramalingam SS et al.. “Osimertinib and other third-generation EGFR TKI in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2018). PMID: 29462255 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  840. [840]

    Basmajian K, Stepanyan Z, Sarkissian S. “A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials in ALK-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.” Anticancer research (2026). PMID: 42373241 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  841. [841]

    Kim SH, Seong H, Jang H et al.. “EGFR Mutations and Recurrence Outcomes in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Updated 2015-2025 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Thoracic cancer (2026). PMID: 42414222 ↗

    L2SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  842. [842]

    Peruzzo N, Lenz G, Pereira RA et al.. “Anti-PD-(L)1 plus chemotherapy in advanced PD-L1-negative nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Immunotherapy (2026). PMID: 42394449 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview
  843. [843]

    Muratovic A, Janzic U. “Transition from Parenteral to Subcutaneous Application of Systemic Oncological Therapy for Treating Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) (2026). PMID: 42346207 ↗

    L5SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview
  844. [844]

    Reck M, Remon J, Hellmann MD. “First-Line Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 34985920 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  845. [845]

    Grant C, Nagasaka M. “Neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI therapy in Non-Small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 38636443 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  846. [846]

    Garcia J, Hurwitz HI, Sandler AB et al.. “Bevacizumab (Avastin®) in cancer treatment: A review of 15 years of clinical experience and future outlook.” Cancer treatment reviews (2020). PMID: 32335505 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  847. [847]

    Repetto M, Chiara Garassino M, Loong HH et al.. “NTRK gene fusion testing and management in lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 38733648 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  848. [848]

    Desai A, Peters S. “Immunotherapy-based combinations in metastatic NSCLC.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 37030062 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  849. [849]

    Weller M, Remon J, Rieken S et al.. “Central nervous system metastases in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A review of the therapeutic landscape.” Cancer treatment reviews (2024). PMID: 39151281 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  850. [850]

    Bortolot M, Remon J, Bironzo P et al.. “De-escalation strategies with targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2025). PMID: 40684707 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  851. [851]

    Planchard D, Feng PH, Karaseva N et al.. “Osimertinib plus platinum-pemetrexed in newly diagnosed epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: safety run-in results from the FLAURA2 study.” ESMO open (2021). PMID: 34543864 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  852. [852]

    Passaro A, Malapelle U, Del Re M et al.. “Understanding EGFR heterogeneity in lung cancer.” ESMO open (2020). PMID: 33067323 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  853. [853]

    Reale ML, Passiglia F, Cappuzzo F et al.. “MET exon 14 skipping mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer: real-world data from the Italian biomarker ATLAS database.” ESMO open (2024). PMID: 39214048 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  854. [854]

    Hong Y, Jiang R, Chen S et al.. “Survival outcomes and a prognostic nomogram in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis: a real-world cohort study.” Journal of neuro-oncology (2026). PMID: 42360664 ↗

    L3COHORTCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  855. [855]

    Sooi K, Danchaivijtr P, Wong CK et al.. “An Observational Study of Afatinib 30 mg Daily in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Common EGFR Mutations Treated With Afatinib.” Thoracic cancer (2026). PMID: 42381340 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Management Overview
  856. [856]

    Chaunzwa TL, Qian JM, Li Q et al.. “Body Composition in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38780929 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  857. [857]

    Okuma Y, Kubota K, Shimokawa M et al.. “First-Line Osimertinib for Previously Untreated Patients With NSCLC and Uncommon EGFR Mutations: The UNICORN Phase 2 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 37991747 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  858. [858]

    Sun L, Bleiberg B, Hwang WT et al.. “Association Between Duration of Immunotherapy and Overall Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” JAMA oncology (2023). PMID: 37270700 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  859. [859]

    Hofmann MH, Gerlach D, Misale S et al.. “Expanding the Reach of Precision Oncology by Drugging All KRAS Mutants.” Cancer discovery (2022). PMID: 35046095 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  860. [860]

    Cross DA, Ashton SE, Ghiorghiu S et al.. “AZD9291, an irreversible EGFR TKI, overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.” Cancer discovery (2014). PMID: 24893891 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  861. [861]

    Baldacci S, Brea EJ, Facchinetti F et al.. “Eradicating Drug-tolerant Persister Cells in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting TROP2 with CAR-T Cellular Therapy.” Cancer discovery (2025). PMID: 40762432 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  862. [862]

    Amodio V, Yaeger R, Arcella P et al.. “EGFR Blockade Reverts Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2020). PMID: 32430388 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  863. [863]

    Zhang JT, Liu SY, Gao W et al.. “Longitudinal Undetectable Molecular Residual Disease Defines Potentially Cured Population in Localized Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2022). PMID: 35543554 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  864. [864]

    Araujo HA, Pechuan-Jorge X, Zhou T et al.. “Mechanisms of Response and Tolerance to Active RAS Inhibition in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer discovery (2024). PMID: 38975897 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  865. [865]

    Negrao MV, Araujo HA, Lamberti G et al.. “Comutations and KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy in Advanced NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2023). PMID: 37068173 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  866. [866]

    Benguigui M, Cooper TJ, Kalkar P et al.. “Interferon-stimulated neutrophils as a predictor of immunotherapy response.” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 38181798 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  867. [867]

    Pai JA, Hellmann MD, Sauter JL et al.. “Lineage tracing reveals clonal progenitors and long-term persistence of tumor-specific T cells during immune checkpoint blockade.” Cancer cell (2023). PMID: 37001526 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  868. [868]

    Patil NS, Nabet BY, Müller S et al.. “Intratumoral plasma cells predict outcomes to PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 35216676 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  869. [869]

    Riedl JM, Matsubara H, McNeil R et al.. “Emerging landscape of KRAS inhibitors in cancer treatment.” Cancer cell (2026). PMID: 41616774 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  870. [870]

    Liu H, Kuang X, Zhang Y et al.. “ADORA1 Inhibition Promotes Tumor Immune Evasion by Regulating the ATF3-PD-L1 Axis.” Cancer cell (2020). PMID: 32183950 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview, Special Populations
  871. [871]

    Hellmann MD, Nathanson T, Rizvi H et al.. “Genomic Features of Response to Combination Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer cell (2018). PMID: 29657128 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Management Overview, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  872. [872]

    Nilsson MB, Yang Y, Heeke S et al.. “CD70 is a therapeutic target upregulated in EMT-associated EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.” Cancer cell (2023). PMID: 36787696 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview, History and Evolution of Treatment
  873. [873]

    Galan-Cobo A, Vokes NI, Qian Y et al.. “KEAP1 and STK11/LKB1 alterations enhance vulnerability to ATR inhibition in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2025). PMID: 40645185 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  874. [874]

    Rades D, Streubel MK, Doehring L et al.. “Course of Step Counts During Systemic Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer-Observational Data from a Prematurely Terminated Prospective Study.” In vivo (Athens, Greece) (2026). PMID: 42379794 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Management Overview
  875. [875]

    Blaquier JB, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Ricciuti B et al.. “Tackling Osimertinib Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2023). PMID: 37093192 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Management Overview
  876. [876]

    Wei D, Wang L, Zuo X et al.. “A Small Molecule with Big Impact: MRTX1133 Targets the KRASG12D Mutation in Pancreatic Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 37831007 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  877. [877]

    Adachi Y, Ito K, Hayashi Y et al.. “Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition is a Cause of Both Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to KRAS G12C Inhibitor in KRAS G12C-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32900796 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  878. [878]

    Bessede A, Peyraud F, Besse B et al.. “TROP2 Is Associated with Primary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38048058 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  879. [879]

    Ballard P, Yates JW, Yang Z et al.. “Preclinical Comparison of Osimertinib with Other EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Brain Metastases Models, and Early Evidence of Clinical Brain Metastases Activity.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27435396 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Management Overview
  880. [880]

    Chen H, Fan B, Yuan M et al.. “Predicting T790M mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer based on radiomics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” PloS one (2026). PMID: 42418457 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Management Overview
  881. [881]

    Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Aisner DL et al.. “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 5.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2017). PMID: 28404761 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  882. [882]

    Passaro A, Leighl N, Blackhall F et al.. “ESMO expert consensus statements on the management of EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35176458 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  883. [883]

    Garassino MC, Gadgeel S, Speranza G et al.. “Pembrolizumab Plus Pemetrexed and Platinum in Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: 5-Year Outcomes From the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-189 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2023). PMID: 36809080 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  884. [884]

    Leighl NB, Akamatsu H, Lim SM et al.. “Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Amivantamab, Both in Combination With Lazertinib, in Refractory Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Primary Results From the Phase III PALOMA-3 Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38857463 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  885. [885]

    Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG et al.. “Five-Year Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2021). PMID: 33872070 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  886. [886]

    Brahmer JR, Lee JS, Ciuleanu TE et al.. “Five-Year Survival Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in CheckMate 227.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 36223558 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  887. [887]

    Johnson ML, Cho BC, Luft A et al.. “Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Combination With Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III POSEIDON Study.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2022). PMID: 36327426 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  888. [888]

    Chang JY, Verma V. “Optimize Local Therapy for Oligometastatic and Oligoprogressive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Enhance Survival.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2022). PMID: 35545175 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  889. [889]

    Hotta K, Hida T, Nokihara H et al.. “Final overall survival analysis from the phase III J-ALEX study of alectinib versus crizotinib in ALK inhibitor-naïve Japanese patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 35843080 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  890. [890]

    Nakagawa K, Garon EB, Seto T et al.. “Ramucirumab plus erlotinib in patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (RELAY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2019). PMID: 31591063 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  891. [891]

    Horn L, Wang Z, Wu G et al.. “Ensartinib vs Crizotinib for Patients With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34473194 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  892. [892]

    Iyengar P, Zhang-Velten E, Court L et al.. “Accelerated Hypofractionated Image-Guided vs Conventional Radiotherapy for Patients With Stage II/III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Poor Performance Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2021). PMID: 34383006 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  893. [893]

    Han B, Li K, Wang Q et al.. “Effect of Anlotinib as a Third-Line or Further Treatment on Overall Survival of Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The ALTER 0303 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2018). PMID: 30098152 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  894. [894]

    Shiraishi Y, Kishimoto J, Sugawara S et al.. “Atezolizumab and Platinum Plus Pemetrexed With or Without Bevacizumab for Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 38127362 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  895. [895]

    Rizvi NA, Cho BC, Reinmuth N et al.. “Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab vs Standard Chemotherapy in First-line Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The MYSTIC Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2020). PMID: 32271377 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  896. [896]

    Cascone T, Kar G, Spicer JD et al.. “Neoadjuvant Durvalumab Alone or Combined with Novel Immuno-Oncology Agents in Resectable Lung Cancer: The Phase II NeoCOAST Platform Trial.” Cancer discovery (2023). PMID: 37707791 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  897. [897]

    . “Ceritinib Bests Chemo for Untreated ALK+ NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2017). PMID: 28193771 ↗

    L5RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  898. [898]

    Juric D, Krop I, Ramanathan RK et al.. “Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Taselisib, an Oral PI3K Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.” Cancer discovery (2017). PMID: 28331003 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  899. [899]

    Khullar OV, Kidane B, Altorki N et al.. “STS Expert Consensus Document (2026) on Addressing Definition and Practices of Sublobar Resection in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.” The Annals of thoracic surgery (2026). PMID: 42320552 ↗

    L1GUIDELINECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  900. [900]

    Kanda S, Niho S, Kurata T et al.. “Randomized Phase III Study of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and Intercalated Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutation.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 40162917 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  901. [901]

    Provencio M, Serna-Blasco R, Nadal E et al.. “Minimal Residual Disease Enhances Prognostic Stratification beyond Pathologic Response in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2026). PMID: 41537692 ↗

    L2RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  902. [902]

    Paik PK, Iams WT, Husain H et al.. “Tepotinib in patients with MET exon 14 skipping non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2025). PMID: 40738075 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  903. [903]

    Leonetti A, Facchinetti F, Rossi G et al.. “BRAF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Pickaxing another brick in the wall.” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 29729495 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  904. [904]

    Tabbò F, Pisano C, Mazieres J et al.. “How far we have come targeting BRAF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” Cancer treatment reviews (2021). PMID: 35033867 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  905. [905]

    Bosch-Barrera J, Menendez JA. “Silibinin and STAT3: A natural way of targeting transcription factors for cancer therapy.” Cancer treatment reviews (2015). PMID: 25944486 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  906. [906]

    Tagliamento M, Frelaut M, Baldini C et al.. “The use of immunotherapy in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2022). PMID: 35472632 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  907. [907]

    Lim SM, Syn NL, Cho BC et al.. “Acquired resistance to EGFR targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 29477930 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  908. [908]

    Remon J, Hendriks LEL, Cardona AF et al.. “EGFR exon 20 insertions in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A new history begins.” Cancer treatment reviews (2020). PMID: 32979839 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  909. [909]

    Pilotto S, Carbognin L, Karachaliou N et al.. “Tracking MET de-addiction in lung cancer: A road towards the oncogenic target.” Cancer treatment reviews (2017). PMID: 28843992 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  910. [910]

    Pasello G, Pavan A, Attili I et al.. “Real world data in the era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs): Increasing evidence and future applications in lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2020). PMID: 32446182 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  911. [911]

    Scagliotti GV, Novello S. “The role of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors.” Cancer treatment reviews (2011). PMID: 21907495 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  912. [912]

    Bailey C, Black JRM, Reading JL et al.. “Tracking Cancer Evolution through the Disease Course.” Cancer discovery (2021). PMID: 33811124 ↗

    L2REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  913. [913]

    Rodríguez-Abreu D, Powell SF, Hochmair MJ et al.. “Pemetrexed plus platinum with or without pembrolizumab in patients with previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC: protocol-specified final analysis from KEYNOTE-189.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2021). PMID: 33894335 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  914. [914]

    Ricciuti B, Alessi JV, Elkrief A et al.. “Dissecting the clinicopathologic, genomic, and immunophenotypic correlates of KRASG12D-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2022). PMID: 35872166 ↗

    L3OTHERCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  915. [915]

    Liu X, Guan Y, Liu Y et al.. “Model-Informed Development of a Subcutaneous Formulation of Tislelizumab: Phase 1 Pharmacokinetics in Patients With Cancer.” Clinical and translational science (2026). PMID: 42337921 ↗

    L4RCTCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment, Special Populations
  916. [916]

    Schuler M. “Facts and Hopes in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combinations in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39745266 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  917. [917]

    Shaw AT, Solomon B. “Targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase in lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2011). PMID: 21288922 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  918. [918]

    DeCamp MM, Ashiku S, Thurer R. “The role of surgery in N2 non-small cell lung cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2005). PMID: 16000610 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  919. [919]

    Eguren-Santamaria I, Sanmamed MF, Goldberg SB et al.. “PD-1/PD-L1 Blockers in NSCLC Brain Metastases: Challenging Paradigms and Clinical Practice.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32354698 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  920. [920]

    Fukuda A, Okuma Y. “From Rarity to Reality: Osimertinib's Promising Horizon in Treating Uncommon EGFR Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38767589 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  921. [921]

    Venkatesan S, Angelova M, Puttick C et al.. “Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution.” Cancer discovery (2021). PMID: 33947663 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  922. [922]

    . “Vaccine Increases PFS for Metastatic Tumors.” Cancer discovery (2019). PMID: 31395735 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  923. [923]

    Dijkstra KK, Vendramin R, Karagianni D et al.. “Subclonal immune evasion in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2025). PMID: 40614739 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  924. [924]

    Serresi M, Gargiulo G, Proost N et al.. “Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Is a Barrier to KRAS-Driven Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” Cancer cell (2016). PMID: 26766588 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  925. [925]

    Bharath P, Iyer S, Velu AV et al.. “ALK rearrangements and resistance mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.” Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology (2026). PMID: 42371103 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  926. [926]

    Wang T, Xing H, Huang L et al.. “Genomic drivers of brain metastases in lung cancer.” Neuro-oncology advances (2026). PMID: 42359386 ↗

    L4REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  927. [927]

    Tsvetkova O, Gil TE, Kassir G et al.. “Evaluating datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) as a novel treatment option for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.” Future oncology (London, England) (2026). PMID: 42345080 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: History and Evolution of Treatment
  928. [928]

    Peters S, Camidge R, Dziadziuszko R et al.. “Alectinib versus crizotinib in previously untreated ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer: final overall survival analysis of the phase III ALEX study.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 41110693 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  929. [929]

    Besse B, Felip E, Garcia Campelo R et al.. “Randomized open-label controlled study of cancer vaccine OSE2101 versus chemotherapy in HLA-A2-positive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with resistance to immunotherapy: ATALANTE-1.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2023). PMID: 37704166 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  930. [930]

    Yang JC, Lu S, Hayashi H et al.. “Overall Survival with Amivantamab-Lazertinib in EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 40923797 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  931. [931]

    Jänne PA, Planchard D, Kobayashi K et al.. “Survival with Osimertinib plus Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC.” The New England journal of medicine (2025). PMID: 41104938 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  932. [932]

    Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S et al.. “Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.” The New England journal of medicine (2009). PMID: 19692680 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  933. [933]

    Horinouchi H, Cho BC, Camidge DR et al.. “Results from a phase Ib study of telisotuzumab vedotin in combination with osimertinib in patients with c-Met protein-overexpressing, EGFR-mutated locally advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on prior osimertinib.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 39805351 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  934. [934]

    Riess JW, Yu HA, Le X et al.. “Osimertinib plus datopotamab deruxtecan in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC after progression on first-line osimertinib: ORCHARD.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2026). PMID: 41780641 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  935. [935]

    Yoshimura A, Takeda T, Tanimura K et al.. “Impact of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with PD-L1-low/negative tumors receiving chemoimmunotherapy: a real-world multicenter retrospective study.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 41270701 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  936. [936]

    Sharma N, Graziano S. “Overview of the LUX-Lung clinical trial program of afatinib for non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2018). PMID: 30014952 ↗

    L5TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  937. [937]

    Gouda MA, Voss MH, Tawbi H et al.. “A phase I/II study of the safety and efficacy of telaglenastat (CB-839) in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40359708 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  938. [938]

    Peters S, Salomonsen RJ, Diaz Perez I et al.. “Real-world outcomes versus clinical trial results of first-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the CORRELATE study.” ESMO open (2026). PMID: 41494223 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  939. [939]

    Shaw AT, Solomon BJ, Chiari R et al.. “Lorlatinib in advanced ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2019). PMID: 31669155 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  940. [940]

    Shaw AT, Felip E, Bauer TM et al.. “Lorlatinib in non-small-cell lung cancer with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement: an international, multicentre, open-label, single-arm first-in-man phase 1 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2017). PMID: 29074098 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  941. [941]

    Drilon A, Camidge DR, Lin JJ et al.. “Repotrectinib in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2024). PMID: 38197815 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  942. [942]

    Zhou Q, Xu CR, Cheng Y et al.. “Bevacizumab plus erlotinib in Chinese patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC (ARTEMIS-CTONG1509): A multicenter phase 3 study.” Cancer cell (2021). PMID: 34388377 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  943. [943]

    Elamin YY, Robichaux JP, Carter BW et al.. “Poziotinib for EGFR exon 20-mutant NSCLC: Clinical efficacy, resistance mechanisms, and impact of insertion location on drug sensitivity.” Cancer cell (2022). PMID: 35820397 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  944. [944]

    Li Z, Hu J, Chen J et al.. “Aumolertinib with or without chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AENEAS2): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.” The Lancet. Oncology (2026). PMID: 42296979 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  945. [945]

    Juergens RA, Brahmer JR. “Adjuvant treatment in non-small cell lung cancer: Where are we now?” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2006). PMID: 16813727 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  946. [946]

    Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Specht JM, Voutsinas JM et al.. “Phase I Study of ROR1-Specific CAR-T Cells in Advanced Hematopoietic and Epithelial Malignancies.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2025). PMID: 39466024 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  947. [947]

    Corcoran RB, Do KT, Kim JE et al.. “Phase I/II Study of Combined BCL-xL and MEK Inhibition with Navitoclax and Trametinib in KRAS or NRAS Mutant Advanced Solid Tumors.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38456660 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  948. [948]

    Mi X, Lin T, Zhu X et al.. “Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab for malignant solid tumor treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Frontiers in immunology (2026). PMID: 42292353 ↗

    L4SR_OBSCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  949. [949]

    Khongyot T, Melgo MNB, Nurat R et al.. “Impact of prophylactic skin toxicity management on treatment continuity and clinical outcomes in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib: a 7-year real-world retrospective cohort study.” Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2026). PMID: 42287425 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  950. [950]

    Andersen R, Jespersen MS, Presti M et al.. “Progression risk among responders to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is primarily stratified by response depth: A nationwide cohort study of 2127 patients with melanoma, RCC, and NSCLC.” European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) (2026). PMID: 42284973 ↗

    L4COHORTCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  951. [951]

    Tagliamento M, Bruzzone M, Blondeaux E et al.. “Efficacy of alectinib for ALK-positive NSCLC according to tumor burden and body mass index: A pooled analysis of the randomized phase III trials ALEX and J-ALEX.” European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) (2026). PMID: 42269244 ↗

    L1TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  952. [952]

    Hagopian G, Grant C, Nagasaka M. “Proteolysis targeting chimeras in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2023). PMID: 37178629 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  953. [953]

    Friedlaender A, Naidoo J, Banna GL et al.. “Role and impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant treatment for NSCLC.” Cancer treatment reviews (2022). PMID: 35093800 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  954. [954]

    Gaya A, Tse V. “A preclinical and clinical review of aflibercept for the management of cancer.” Cancer treatment reviews (2012). PMID: 22264850 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  955. [955]

    Hardenberg MC, Patel B, Matthews C et al.. “The value of disease-free survival (DFS) and osimertinib in adjuvant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): an international Delphi consensus report.” ESMO open (2022). PMID: 36108559 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  956. [956]

    Kropf-Sanchen C, Rasokat A, Christopoulos P et al.. “Treatment outcome of NSCLC patients with BRAFnon-V600E mutations: a retrospective, multicentre analysis within the national Network Genomic Medicine (nNGM) Lung Cancer in Germany.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40664146 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  957. [957]

    da Silva IP, Zimmer L, Blay JY et al.. “Retreatment, rechallenge, and escalation with subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies across cancers after initial failure.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 41202502 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  958. [958]

    Altorki N, Wang X, Damman B et al.. “Recurrence of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Visceral Pleural Invasion: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA oncology (2024). PMID: 39088196 ↗

    L1OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  959. [959]

    . “Brigatinib Effective in ALK+ NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2016). PMID: 27899405 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  960. [960]

    . “Durable Responses Achieved with AM0010.” Cancer discovery (2016). PMID: 27803020 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  961. [961]

    . “Pembrolizumab Shows Promise for NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2015). PMID: 25895920 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  962. [962]

    . “Expanding the Reach of Anti-PD-1 Therapy.” Cancer discovery (2015). PMID: 26034052 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  963. [963]

    . “Presurgery Plus Postsurgery Immunotherapy Ups Survival in NSCLC.” Cancer discovery (2023). PMID: 37062031 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  964. [964]

    Cords L, Engler S, Haberecker M et al.. “Cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes are associated with patient outcome in non-small cell lung cancer.” Cancer cell (2024). PMID: 38242124 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  965. [965]

    von Karstedt S, Conti A, Nobis M et al.. “Cancer cell-autonomous TRAIL-R signaling promotes KRAS-driven cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis.” Cancer cell (2015). PMID: 25843002 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  966. [966]

    Schoenfeld AJ, Bandlamudi C, Lavery JA et al.. “The Genomic Landscape of SMARCA4 Alterations and Associations with Outcomes in Patients with Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2020). PMID: 32709715 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors, Special Populations
  967. [967]

    Morgensztern D, Herbst RS. “Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2016). PMID: 27252413 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  968. [968]

    Peled M, Onn A, Herbst RS. “Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes-Location for Prognostic Evaluation.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2018). PMID: 30567833 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  969. [969]

    Scalera S, Ricciuti B, Marinelli D et al.. “Transcriptional Phenocopies of Deleterious KEAP1 Mutations Correlate with Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2024). PMID: 38980931 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Prognosis and Prognostic Factors
  970. [970]

    Chow R, Lage DE, Williams GR et al.. “Representation and Outcomes of Older Adults in Practice-Changing Oncology Trials in the Era of Novel Therapies: A Guideline Appraisal.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2022). PMID: 34991068 ↗

    L1SR_OBSCited in: Special Populations
  971. [971]

    Wang C, Wang W, Liu H et al.. “Perioperative tislelizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: final analysis of the randomized RATIONALE-315 trial.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 41344593 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Special Populations
  972. [972]

    Rodon J, Prenen H, Sacher A et al.. “First-in-human study of AMG 193, an MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor, in patients with MTAP-deleted solid tumors: results from phase I dose exploration.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2024). PMID: 39293516 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  973. [973]

    Ramalingam SS, Vansteenkiste J, Planchard D et al.. “Overall Survival with Osimertinib in Untreated, EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC.” The New England journal of medicine (2019). PMID: 31751012 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Special Populations
  974. [974]

    Hellmann MD, Paz-Ares L, Bernabe Caro R et al.. “Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” The New England journal of medicine (2019). PMID: 31562796 ↗

    L1RCTCited in: Special Populations
  975. [975]

    Camidge DR, Bar J, Horinouchi H et al.. “Telisotuzumab Vedotin Monotherapy in Patients With Previously Treated c-Met Protein-Overexpressing Advanced Nonsquamous EGFR-Wildtype Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase II LUMINOSITY Trial.” Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2024). PMID: 38843488 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  976. [976]

    Vansteenkiste J, Demedts I, Cuppens K et al.. “Innovative therapeutic cancer vaccine PDC∗lung01 with or without anti-PD-1: an open-label, dose-escalation phase I/II study in non-small-cell lung cancer.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 41101155 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  977. [977]

    Schoenfeld AJ, Lee SM, Doger de Spéville B et al.. “Lifileucel, an Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Monotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.” Cancer discovery (2024). PMID: 38563600 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  978. [978]

    Drilon A, Siena S, Ou SI et al.. “Safety and Antitumor Activity of the Multitargeted Pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK Inhibitor Entrectinib: Combined Results from Two Phase I Trials (ALKA-372-001 and STARTRK-1).” Cancer discovery (2017). PMID: 28183697 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  979. [979]

    Xie L, Xu C, Si H et al.. “Preclinical Characterization and Clinical Activity of RNK08954, a Highly Selective and Orally Bioavailable KRASG12D Inhibitor.” Cancer discovery (2026). PMID: 41557983 ↗

    L4TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  980. [980]

    Riely GJ, Neal JW, Camidge DR et al.. “Activity and Safety of Mobocertinib (TAK-788) in Previously Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations from a Phase I/II Trial.” Cancer discovery (2021). PMID: 33632775 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  981. [981]

    Duan J, Sun Y, Wang Q et al.. “HS-20093, a B7-H3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate in lung cancer: Results from the ARTEMIS-001 phase 1a/b trial.” Cancer cell (2026). PMID: 41791381 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  982. [982]

    Ma Y, Xue J, Gao F et al.. “JYP0322, a highly selective and brain-penetrant ROS1 inhibitor, overcomes ROS1G2032R resistance mutation in NSCLC: The first-in-human phase 1 trial.” Cancer cell (2026). PMID: 42030931 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  983. [983]

    Douglas MP, Ragavan MV, Chen C et al.. “Private Payer and Medicare Coverage Policies for Use of Circulating Tumor DNA Tests in Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2023). PMID: 37308126 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Special Populations
  984. [984]

    Verma V, Moreno AC, Haque W et al.. “Sequential Versus Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy by Surgical Margin Status in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.” Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2018). PMID: 29752325 ↗

    L2OTHERCited in: Special Populations
  985. [985]

    Weiss SA, Djureinovic D, Jessel S et al.. “A Phase I Study of APX005M and Cabiralizumab with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Melanoma, Kidney Cancer, or Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1.” Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2021). PMID: 34140403 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  986. [986]

    Lu C, Zhou Q. “Diagnostics, therapeutics and RET inhibitor resistance for RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancers and future perspectives.” Cancer treatment reviews (2021). PMID: 33773204 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Special Populations
  987. [987]

    Gridelli C, Maione P, Rossi A et al.. “Management of unfit older patients with advanced NSCLC.” Cancer treatment reviews (2009). PMID: 19457617 ↗

    L5REVIEW_NARRATIVECited in: Special Populations
  988. [988]

    Riedl JM, Fece de la Cruz F, Lin JJ et al.. “Genomic landscape of clinically acquired resistance alterations in patients treated with KRASG12C inhibitors.” Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2025). PMID: 39914665 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Special Populations
  989. [989]

    Ulas EB, Purcell ND, Houda I et al.. “Rescue by radiotherapy and anti-CTLA4/PD-1 after failure of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC: the phase II RECLAIM trial.” Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2026). PMID: 42331381 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  990. [990]

    Rohrberg KS, Melero I, F Sanmamed M et al.. “First-in-human study of lomvastomig, a PD-1-TIM-3 bispecific antibody, in patients with advanced and/or metastatic solid tumors.” Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2026). PMID: 42320980 ↗

    L2TRIAL_NONRANDOMCited in: Special Populations
  991. [991]

    Sakaguchi H, Katayama R, Matsumoto M et al.. “Plasma cfDNA analysis of alectinib resistance-related gene alterations in the J-ALEX study.” ESMO open (2025). PMID: 40912045 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Special Populations
  992. [992]

    Tanaka N, Lin JJ, Li C et al.. “Clinical Acquired Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibition through a Novel KRAS Switch-II Pocket Mutation and Polyclonal Alterations Converging on RAS-MAPK Reactivation.” Cancer discovery (2021). PMID: 33824136 ↗

    L4OTHERCited in: Special Populations
  993. [993]

    Lee PC, Fang YF, Yamaguchi H et al.. “Targeting PKCδ as a Therapeutic Strategy against Heterogeneous Mechanisms of EGFR Inhibitor Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer.” Cancer cell (2018). PMID: 30537515 ↗

    L5OTHERCited in: Special Populations

Revision History

All updates applied to this page

Loading revisions…